Ubuntu se

From

Inofficiell Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) Nybörjar Guide

Den här guiden http://ubuntuguide.org/ startades av Chua Wen Kiat (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). Den underhålls nu av "the Linux Center of University of Latvia" och av alla som är villiga att bidra.

Contributors: orvils, Cargo, Quash, Byte, krampo, Simos, Vampis ...



Translations: Latviešu Русский Polski Traditional Chinese



Contents


Allmäna Noteringar


  1. Detta är en Inofficiell Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) Nybörjar Guide. Den är inte förknippad med Ubuntu och Canonical Ltd.
  2. Denna guide är testad på en full installation av Ubuntu 5.10 x86 Installations CD (Breezy Badger)
  3. Om du ser en blåtonad box betyder dett att du måste exekvera kommandona i terminal-läge, (Program -> Systemverktyg -> Terminal) eller använda innehållet i boxen som det nämnts i någon annan instruktion.
  4. För att reducera tryckfel, kopiera och klistra in kommandona i terminal-läge (högerklicka på kommandona -> "Kopiera" eller "Klistra in". Du kan också använda Ctrl+C för att kopiera och Shift+Insert för att klistra in)
  5. "sudo" betyder "superuser do". "sudo" kommer att fråga efter "Lösenord:". Vänligen ange användarlösenord
  6. Om du vill ha mer information om något kommando, läs manualsidorna för dessa genom att använda "man" kommandot. Till exempel, "man sudo" kommer att visa manualsidan för "sudo" kommandot.
  7. Om du tröttnar på att skriva "apt-get" hela tiden, Läs #Att apt-get:a det lätta sättet (Synaptic).
  8. "apt-get" och "wget" erfodrar Internet anslutning för att installera/updatera/ladda ner program
  9. För att ladda ner en fil, högerklicka på länken -> välj "Spara länk som..." -> Kontrollera att filnamn och filnamnstillägg är korrekta
  10. Om du vill hjälpa till att översätta Ubuntu till ditt hemspråk eller hjälpa Ubuntu på något annat sätt besök https://launchpad.net/
  11. Må "humanity to others" anden vara med dig...


Om du använder Kubuntu och behöver installera Gedit
wget http://easylinux.info/uploads/gedit_2.13.1-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i gedit_2.13.1-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
Eller ersätt 'gedit' med 'kwrite', till exempel, instället för att skriva
 sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
Skriv
 sudo kwrite /etc/apt/sources.list
Om du använder en 64-bits processor ersätt "i386" med "amd64"

Komma igång

Vad är Ubuntu

Var kan man se Ubuntu skärmdumpar

Var kan man hitta lista på alla program/bibliotek som kommer med Ubuntu

Var laddar man ner Ubuntu

Var kan man beställa Ubuntu CD-skivor absolut GRATIS

Var hittar man hjälp till Ubuntu

Var kan man leta efter nya program

Var kan man hitta teman och annat grafiskt ögongodis till skrivbordet

Repositories

Att lägga till extra repositories

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Ersätt allting med följande:
## Add comments (##) in front of any line to remove it from being checked.   
## Use the following sources.list at your own risk.  
## You may replace "us" with your country code to get the closest mirror.

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted

## MAJOR BUG FIX UPDATES produced after the final release
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted

## UBUNTU SECURITY UPDATES
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe

## UNIVERSE AND MULTIVERSE REPOSITORY (Unsupported by Ubuntu.  Use at own risk.)
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse

## BACKPORTS REPOSITORY (Unsupported.  May contain illegal packages.  Use at own risk.)
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## PLF REPOSITORY (Unsupported.  May contain illegal packages.  Use at own risk.)
deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf breezy free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf breezy free non-free 
  • Spara den editerade filen
sudo apt-get update
Använd bara din egen sources.list fil om du vet vad du gör

Ubuntu Updates

Att manuellt uppdatera Ubuntu

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Installera flera program (Automatix)

  • Detta är ett grafiskt verktyg för att installera program på Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu BREEZY (FUNGERAR INTE PÅ Warty, Hoary or Dapper) och "tweaka" Ubuntu på å kort tid som möjligt. Automatix kan göra många av dom sakerna som beskrivs i den här guiden.
  • Automatix kan installera Multimedia codecs; alla Firefox plugins (java, flash, etc); RAR, ACE and UNRAR archive support; skype; Acrobat reader 7; Gnomebaker; gftp; DC++ and amule; Frostwire; Audacity; Kino; EasyTag; Mplayer; totem-xine; VLC; Beep Media Player; Opera; Bittornado; Azureus; Enables Numlock on; Programming Tools (Anjuta (C/C++ IDE), Bluefish (HTML editor), (Web Dev)); GnomePPP; MS true type fonts; Streamtuner; NON-FREE audio and dvd codecs; ndisgtk (WiFi configurator Graphical user interface); SUN'S JAVA JRE v1.5; SUN'S JAVA JDK v1.5; wine; gdesklets; Installera Nvidia grafikkort och några andra användbara saker.
  • Om du befinner dig i USA installera INTE NON_FREE audio och dvd codecs. DET ÄR OLAGLIGT.

Hur du hämtar Automatix

  • För att installera Automatix i Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install xterm
wget http://beerorkid.com/automatix/automatix_5.3-4_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i automatix_5.3-4_i386.deb
Applications -> System Tools -> Automatix
  • To install Automatix in Kubuntu/Xubuntu
sudo apt-get remove automatix-kubuntu
sudo apt-get install xterm libglade2-0 libgnomecanvas2-0
wget http://kambing.vlsm.org/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zenity/zenity_2.10.0-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i zenity_2.10.0-0ubuntu1_i386.deb
wget http://beerorkid.com/automatix/automatix_5.3-4_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i automatix_5.3-4_i386.deb
Main Menu -> System -> Automatix

Tilläggsapplikationer

Att installera Meny Editor till GNOME

sudo apt-get install smeg

Att installera Clipboard Daemon till GNOME

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2 -C /usr/bin/
sudo chown root:root /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
sudo gnome-clipboard-daemon &
export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e
  • Lägg till följander rader i slutet på filen
@restart gnome-clipboard-daemon
  • Spara editerad fil

Att installera J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) med Plug-in för Mozilla Firefox

sudo apt-get install sun-j2re1.5
  • Starta om Mozilla Firefox

Att installera Flash Player (Macromedia Flash) Plug-in för Mozilla Firefox

sudo apt-get install flashplayer-mozilla
  • Starta om Mozilla Firefox

Att installera PDF Läsare (Adobe Reader) med Plug-in för Mozilla Firefox

sudo apt-get install acroread
sudo apt-get install mozilla-acroread
sudo apt-get install acroread-plugins

Att installera Nedladdningshanterare (Downloader for X)

sudo apt-get install d4x

Att installera FTP Klient (gFTP)

sudo apt-get install gftp

Att installera Fildelningsverktyg (DC++)

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/linuxdcpp.tar.gz 
sudo tar zxvf linuxdcpp.tar.gz -C /opt
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dcpp.desktop
  • Lägg till följande rader till den nya filen
[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=DC++
Exec=/opt$ /opt/linuxdcpp/dcpp
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=eyes.png
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Program -> Internet -> DC++

Att installera P2P BitTorrent Klient (Azureus)

wget -c http://heanet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/azureus/Azureus_2.3.0.6_linux.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf Azureus_2.3.0.6_linux.tar.bz2 -C /opt
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/azureus.desktop 
  • Lägg till följande till den nya filen:
[Desktop Entry] 
Name=Azureus
Comment=A Bittorrent client
Exec=/opt/azureus/azureus
Icon=/opt/azureus/Azureus.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Program -> Internet -> Azureus

Att installera P2P eMule Klient (aMule)

sudo apt-get install amule

Att installera P2P Gnutella Klient (LimeWire)

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/LimeWireOther.zip
sudo unzip -u LimeWireOther.zip -d /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/LimeWire/
sudo gedit /usr/bin/runLime.sh
  • Lägg till följande rader i den nya filen
cd /opt/LimeWire/
./runLime.sh
  • Spara den editerade filen
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runLime.sh
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/LimeWire.desktop
  • Lägg till följande rader i den nya filen
[Desktop Entry]
Name=LimeWire
Comment=LimeWire
Exec=runLime.sh
Icon=/opt/LimeWire/LimeWire.ico
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

Att installera Messenger (Skype)

wget -c http://download.skype.com/linux/skype_staticQT-1.2.0.18.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf skype_staticQT-1.2.0.18.tar.bz2 -C /opt/
sudo ln -s /opt/skype-1.2.0.18/skype /usr/bin/skype
sudo cp /opt/skype-1.2.0.18/skype.desktop /usr/share/applications/skype.desktop
sudo cp /opt/skype-1.2.0.18/icons/skype_32_32.png /usr/share/icons/hicolor/32x32/apps/skype.png
rm skype_staticQT-1.2.0.18.tar.bz2

Att installera WinPopup (LinPopUp)

sudo apt-get install linpopup
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linpopup.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=LinPopUp
Comment=LinPopUp
Exec=linpopup
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/linpopup.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Utility;

How to install Multimedia Codecs

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-plugins
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-lame
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-ffmpeg
sudo apt-get install lame
sudo apt-get install sox
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
sudo apt-get install mjpegtools
sudo apt-get install vorbis-tools
sudo apt-get install w32codecs
gst-register-0.8

How to install DVD playback capability

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2

How to install Multimedia Player (xine-ui)

sudo apt-get install xine-ui
  • Associate xine-ui to play multimedia files
gconftool-2 --type string --set /desktop/gnome/volume_manager/autoplay_dvd_command "xine dvd://"
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applnk/Multimedia/xine.desktop
sudo ln -fs /usr/share/xine/desktop/xine.desktop /usr/share/applications/
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo sed -e 's/totem.desktop/xine.desktop/g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list

How to install Multimedia Player (MPlayer) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox

sudo apt-get install mplayer-386
sudo apt-get install mplayer-fonts
sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer
sudo cp /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf
  • Find this line
...
vo=x11,         # To specify default video driver (see -vo help for
...
  • Replace with the following line
vo=xv,         # To specify default video driver (see -vo help for

How to install Multimedia Player (XMMS)

sudo apt-get install xmms
sudo apt-get install xmms-skins
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
  • Associate XMMS to play MP3/M3U/WAV files
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /tmp/defaults.list_tmp
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/mpeg=.*/audio\/mpeg=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.list_tmp > /tmp/defaults.mp3
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/x-mpegurl=.*/audio\/x-mpegurl=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.mp3 > /tmp/defaults.m3u
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/x-wav=.*/audio\/x-wav=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.m3u > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
sudo rm -f /tmp/defaults.*

How to install Multimedia Player (amaroK)

sudo apt-get install amarok
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> amaroK

How to install Multimedia Player (RealPlayer 10)

sudo apt-get install realplay
Note: 'realplay' installs RealPlayer 10 from PLF repo. 'realplayer' installs RealPlayer 8 from multiverse.

How to install Stream Directory Browser (streamtuner)

sudo apt-get install streamtuner
sudo apt-get install streamripper

How to install Music Organizer (Cowbell)

sudo apt-get install cowbell
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> Cowbell Music Organizer

How to install ID3 Tag Editor (EasyTAG)

sudo apt-get install easytag

How to install Video Editor (Kino)

sudo apt-get install kino
sudo apt-get install kinoplus
sudo apt-get install kino-timfx
sudo apt-get install kino-dvtitler

How to install Audio Editor (Audacity)

sudo apt-get install audacity

How to install DVD Ripper (dvd::rip)

sudo apt-get install dvdrip
sudo apt-get install vcdimager
sudo apt-get install cdrdao
sudo apt-get install subtitleripper
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/rar-2.80
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dvdrip.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=dvd::rip 
Comment=dvd::rip
Exec=dvdrip
Icon=/usr/share/perl5/Video/DVDRip/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

How to install CD Ripper (Goobox)

sudo apt-get install goobox
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=CD Player & Ripper
Comment=Play and extract CDs
Exec=goobox
Icon=goobox.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

How to install Image Viewer (Gwenview)

sudo apt-get install gwenview
sudo apt-get install kipi-plugins
sudo apt-get install imagemagick
  • Applications -> Graphics -> Gwenview

How to install Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird)

sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird

How to install Newsreader (Pan)

sudo apt-get install pan

How to install RSS/RDF/Atom Newsreader (RSSOwl)

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
sudo gedit /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
export MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME=/usr/lib/mozilla-firefox
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:${MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME}:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
cd /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
./run.sh
  • Save the edited file
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RSSOwl.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=RSSOwl
Comment=RSSOwl
Exec=runRSSOwl.sh
Icon=/opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/rssowl.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Save the edited file
  • Applications -> Internet -> RSSOwl

How to install Web Authoring System (Nvu)

sudo apt-get install nvu
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nvu
Comment=Web Development Editor
Exec=nvu
Icon=nvu.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

How to install Web Development Environment (quanta plus)

sudo apt-get install quanta
  • Applications -> Programming -> Quanta Plus

How to install Project Management Application (Planner)

sudo apt-get install planner

How to install Accounting Application (GnuCash)

sudo apt-get install gnucash
sudo rm -fr /usr/share/gnome/apps/Applications/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/GnuCash.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=GnuCash
Comment=GnuCash Personal Finance
Exec=gnucash
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/gnucash/gnucash-icon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Office;

How to install Desktop Publishing Application (Scribus)

sudo apt-get install scribus

How to install Diagram Editor (Dia)

sudo apt-get install dia-gnome

How to install Compiled HTML Help (CHM) Viewer (xCHM)

sudo apt-get install xchm

How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (GnomeBaker)

sudo apt-get install gnomebaker

How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (K3b)

sudo apt-get install k3b
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> K3b

How to install Dialup PPP Client (GNOME PPP)

sudo apt-get install gnome-ppp

How to install Broadband ADSL/PPPoE Client (RP-PPPoE)

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RP-PPPoE.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=RP-PPPoE
Comment=RP-PPPoE
Exec=gksudo /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/go-gui
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

How to install Boot-Up Manager (BUM)

sudo apt-get install bum

How to install Partition Editor (GParted)

sudo apt-get install gparted

How to install Firewall (Firestarter)

sudo apt-get install firestarter

How to install network traffic analyzer (Ethereal)

sudo apt-get install ethereal
  • Applications -> Internet -> Ethereal

How to install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus)

sudo apt-get install nessus
sudo apt-get install nessusd
sudo nessus-adduser
sudo ln -fs /etc/init.d/nessusd /etc/rc2.d/S20nessusd
sudo /etc/init.d/nessusd start
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nessus.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nessus
Comment=Nessus
Exec=nessus
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/nessus.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;

How to install RAR Archiver (rar)

sudo apt-get install rar
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar
  • Applications -> Accessories -> Archive Manager

How to install Extra Fonts

sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-arabic
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-asian
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-european
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-phonetic
sudo apt-get install gsfonts-x11
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
sudo fc-cache -f -v

How to install Chinese Input Method (SCIM)

sudo apt-get install scim
sudo apt-get install scim-chinese
sudo apt-get install scim-config-socket
sudo apt-get install scim-gtk2-immodule
sudo apt-get install scim-tables-zh
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz -C /usr/share/fonts/truetype/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/fonts/truetype/fireflysung-1.3.0/ 
sudo fc-cache -f -v
  • System -> Preferences -> SCIM Input Method Setup
  • To activate SCIM
Press 'Ctrl + Space'

How to install Desktop Applets (gDesklets)

sudo apt-get install gdesklets
sudo apt-get install gdesklets-data

How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential)

sudo apt-get install build-essential

How to install Integrated Development Environment (Anjuta)

sudo apt-get install anjuta
  • Applications -> Programming -> Anjuta IDE

How to install 3D modeling tool (Blender 3d)

sudo apt-get install blender
  • Applications -> Graphics -> Blender 3D modeller

How to install game Tuxracer

sudo apt-get install planetpenguin-racer planetpenguin-racer-data planetpenguin-racer-extras
  • Applications -> Games -> planetpenguin-racer

How to install game Frozen-Bubble

sudo apt-get install frozen-bubble
  • Applications -> Games -> Frozen-Bubble

How to install game Scorched3D

sudo apt-get install scorched3d
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/scorched3d.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Scorched 3D
Comment=A 3D Remake Of Scorched Earth
Exec=scorched3d
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Game;ArcadeGame;

How to install virtual planetarium (Stellarium)

sudo apt-get install stellarium
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/stellarium.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Stellarium
Comment=Virtual planetarium
Exec=stellarium
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Education;
  • Applications -> Education -> Stellarium

How to install KDE Edutainment applications

sudo apt-get install kdeedu
  • Applications -> Education -> ...

Other Desktop Environments

How to install KDE

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
Note: This installation will require ~400MB of disk space
  • System -> Log Out -> Log Out
  • To log in to KDE click on Sessions and choose KDE

How to install XFCE

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
  • System -> Log Out -> Log Out
  • To log in to XFCE click on Sessions and choose XFCE
[