From

Software Development

Spyder

Spyder is a powerful interactive Open Source development environment for the Python language with advanced editing, interactive testing, debugging, and introspection features.

sudo apt-get install spyder

Eric

Eric is a full featured IDE and Python and Ruby editor, written in Python. It is based on the cross-platform Qt Gui toolkit, integrating the highly flexible Scintilla editor control. It is a quick and dirty editor as well as a professional project management tool (integrating many advanced Python features). Eric4 includes the integration of a downloadable plug-in system.

sudo apt-get install eric

Kompozer Web Development Editor

Kompozer is a Gecko-based web authoring system that combines web page editing with web file management in a WYSIWYG manner. It supports XML, CSS, and JavaScript in an XUL architecture.

sudo apt-get install kompozer

Quanta Plus (Web IDE)

Quanta Plus is an integrated development environment integrated with the KDE desktop. It allows webpage development, database design, and XML design and scripting, for example, using multiple development tools. The latest stable version is 3.5, however, and integrates with the KDE 3.5 environment (Ubuntu Hardy Heron). You should therefore use Ubuntu Hardy Heron with this product. (There is also a commercial version (Quanta Gold), also oriented towards KDE 3).

sudo apt-get install quanta kompare kxsldbg cervisia

Netbeans IDE

Netbeans is a free open-source integrated development environment used to create applications using Ajax, Ruby, pHp, Groovy, Java, Javascript, C++, and other scripting tools.

sudo apt-get install netbeans

BlueFish Web Development Editor

BlueFish is a GTK-based (Gnome-oriented) editor to write websites, scripts and programming code. It supports perl, Python, pHp, CSS, XML, Java, Javascript, C, SQL, and other formats.

sudo apt-get install bluefish

Gobby (Multi-user development)

Gobby is a free, multi-platform open source collaborative editor supporting multiple documents in one session and a multi-user chat. Install:

sudo apt-get install gobby

Eclipse IDE

Eclipse is a free open-source cross-platform integrated development environment with plugin support for a large set of programming languages, e.g. Java, C/C++, Python, PHP.

sudo apt-get install eclipse

Version control software

Copies of software being developed at many different locations require a method to ensure that the multiple distributed copies remain synchronized. This can be done using a central repository or using a distributed synchronization technique. For further information, see the official Ubuntu documentation. Several version control platforms exist:

Bazaar is sponsored by Canonical and also allows distributed synchronization. Also see the official Ubuntu documentation. Install Bazaar with a GTK-based GUI and Nautilus integration:

sudo apt-get install bzr bzr-gtk nautilus-bzr

Subversion. Now part of Apache, this is one of the most widely used systems and uses a central repository for synchronization. Also see the official Ubuntu documentation. Install along with Nautilus integration scripts:

sudo apt-get install subversion nautilus-script-collection-svn

Mercurial (hg) is a newer, low-resource version control system. Install:

sudo apt-get install mercurial

CVS was previously the most widely used system. Also see the official Ubuntu documentation. Install:

sudo apt-get install cvs

TkCVS is a GUI frontend for both CVS and Subversion. Install:

sudo apt-get install tkcvs

Git

Git allows distributed synchronization and is currently one of the most widely used systems. Also see the Ubuntu community documentation. The git client can be installed:

sudo apt-get install git

and the gitosis server software:

sudo apt-get install gitosis

GitK is a Tk-based Git tree visualizer. Install:

sudo apt-get install gitk

SparkleShare (Git frontend)

SparkleShare is a Git repository server/client frontend. Installation is by adding a PPA repositoryand then installing:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:warp10/sparkleshare 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sparkleshare

Personal repositories

(K)Ubuntu uses Debian (.deb) packages. Individuals or organizations can create repositories for personal or specialized use. See the Debian wiki introduction. Also see this Ubuntu community advice and this.

mini-dinstall

Using mini-dinstall with dput, a simple repository can be created. This can then be copied to an online server for public or private access. See this tutorial and this.

Debarchiver

DebArchiver is a command-line utility that allows the creation of a folder-based repository. Instructions are from man debarchiver (in a command-line terminal). Install: