Fedora fc5 mx

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Fedora Core 5 Guia de Inicio

Esta guia es mantenida por el Linux Center de la Universidad de Latvia, y cualquiera que este dispuesto a contribuir.

Contribuidores: diasdelfenix ...


La Guia para Fedora Core 4 esta aquì!
Mucho de lo que esta explicado en esta guia puede ser hecho automaticamente usando Fedora Frog----


Contents


Notas Generales

  • Esta es una guìa de inicio de Fedora Core 5.Esta no esta asociada con Fedora y Redhat,inc.
  • Esta guia ha sido probada en un computadora personal, en una instalacion por default de Fedora Core 5, con los paquetes por default.
  • Si ves un rectangulo azul, esto significa que tienes que ejecutar comandos en modo Terminal (Aplicaciones -> Herramientas del Sistema-> Terminal) o usar el contendio de esos rectangulos, como es mencionado en algunas otras instrucciones.
  • Para reducir errores tipograficos, copia y pega los comandos en el modo Terminal (boton derecho sobre los comandos -> "Copiar" o "Pegar". Tambien puedes usar Ctrl+C para copiar y Shift+Insert para pegar )
Nota: Debes de correr estos comandos como root. Antes de hacer cualquier cosa, debes de teclear 
su -
E ingresar tu contraseña de root.
O

Comenzando

¿Que es Fedora?

¿Donde ver tomas de pantalla de Fedora?

¿Donde encontrar una lista de todos los progrmas/librerias que vienen con Fedora?

¿Donde descargar Fedora?

¿Donde encontrar ayuda para Fedora?

¿Donde buscar nuevos programas?


¿Donde buscar elementos de estilo para su escritorio?

Repositorios

Como agregar repositorios extras 

cd /etc
mv -f yum.conf yum.conf.bak
wget http://www.fedorafaq.org/samples/yum.conf
rpm -Uvh http://www.fedorafaq.org/yum

Agregando el repositorio RPMforge

La Adicion del repositorio RPMforge es una alternativa a los repositorios que se instalan del site fedorafaq. Nota: Estos dos grupos son mutuamente incompatibles y pueden causar errores en tu instalacion, si los usas juntos para las actualizaciones automaticas.

  • freshrpms 
rpm -ivh http://ftp.freshrpms.net/pub/freshrpms/fedora/linux/5/freshrpms-release/freshrpms-release-1.1-1.fc.noarch.rpm
  • dries 
gedit /etc/yum.repos.d/dries.repo
Agrega las siguientes lineas al nuevo archivo 
[dries]
name=Extra Fedora rpms dries - $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=http://ftp.belnet.be/packages/dries.ulyssis.org/fedora/linux/$releasever/$basearch/dries/RPMS/
http://apt.sw.be/dries/fedora/fc4/$basearch/dries/RPMS/
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
  • newrpms 
gedit /etc/yum.repos.d/newrpms.repo
Agrega las siguientes lineas al nuevo archivo 
[newrpms.sunsite.dk]
name=Fedora Core 5 i386 NewRPMS.sunsite.dk
baseurl=http://newrpms.sunsite.dk/apt/redhat/en/$basearch/fc$releasever
http://newrpms.atrpms.net/apt/redhat/en/$basearch/fc$releasever
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1

Como importar llaves GPG 

rpm --import http://freshrpms.net/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.txt
rpm --import http://dries.ulyssis.org/rpm/RPM-GPG-KEY.dries.txt
rpm --import http://newrpms.sunsite.dk/gpg-pubkey-newrpms.txt
rpm --import /usr/share/doc/fedora-release-*/*GPG-KEY*

Actualizando Fedora

Como actualizar manualmente Fedora 

yum check-update
yum update
  • Una Alternativa es usar pup (Actualizador de Paquetes) 
pup
  • Desde el menu

Aplicaciones -> Herramientas del Sistema -> Software Updater

Agregando Aplicaciones

Como usar Yum

Yum es un muy poderoso manejador de paquetes. Yum resolvera dependencias para ti, e instalara aplicaciones en un suspiro. Yum tambien buscara, eliminara, y listara los paquetes para ti. 

usage: yum [options] < update | install | info | remove | list |
clean | provides | search | check-update | groupinstall |
groupupdate | grouplist | groupinfo | groupremove |
makecache | localinstall | erase | upgrade | whatprovides |
localupdate | resolvedep | shell | deplist >
options:
-h, --help            show this help message and exit
-t, --tolerant        be tolerant of errors
-C                    run entirely from cache, don't update cache
-c  [config file]     config file location
-R  [minutes]         maximum command wait time
-d  [debug level]     debugging output level
-e  [error level]     error output level
-y                    answer yes for all questions
--version             show Yum version and exit
--installroot=[path]  set install root
--enablerepo=[repo]   enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
--disablerepo=[repo]  disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
--exclude=[package]   exclude package(s) by name or glob
--obsoletes           enable obsoletes processing during updates
--noplugins           disable Yum plugins

De primera vista pude parecer intimidante, pero es muy facil.

Ejemplos:
  • Para buscar una aplicacion

Yum buscara en todos tus repositorios habilitados y te dira de donde puedes obtener el paquete. 

yum search nombre_aplicacion
  • Yum puede listar todos los paquetes disponibles de tus repositorios habilitados y te dira de donde puedes obtener el paquete o paquetes. 
yum list available
  • Para encontrar mas informacion sobre un paquete 
yum info nombre_aplicacion
  • Instalando aplicaciones

Instar aplicaciones es tan facil como 

yum install nombre_aplicacion
  • Listando rpms

Yum puede listar los rpms instalados de tus repositorios que tengas habilitados 

yum list extras
  • Eliminando rpms

Yum puede elimianr aplicaciones y las dependencias que esten ligadas con esa aplicacion. No removera dependencias si otra aplicacion que esta instalada las necesita. 

yum remove nombre_aplicacion
  • Actualizando el sistema

Yum puede actualizar el sistema para ti, sin interaccion con el usuario tambien, si lo quieres hacer de ese modo. 

yum update
  • No estas seguro si, existen actualizaciones? 
yum check-update
  • Instalaciones Locales

Baje un rpm y no lo puedo instalar con rpm, porque tiene dependencias? 

yum localinstall /directorio/del/rpm
Feliz yummeo...

Listar tu ultima actualizacion con rpm 

rpm -qa --last | tac

Como instalar la interfaz grafica para yum 

yum -y install yumex
  • Aplicaciones -> Herramientas de Sistema -> Yum Extender

NetworkManager para Gnome

Inicia los servicios 

chkconfig --level 345 NetworkManager on
chkconfig --level 345 NetworkManagerDispatcher on
service NetworkManager start
service NetworkManagerDispatcher start


Presiona el Radar o el icono de conexion en la bandeja de entrada y escoje "Conectar a otra red inalambrica". Ingresa tu informacion

Screenshot

Como instalar el Editor de Menus para GNOME 

yum -y install alacarte
  • Aplicaciones -> Accesorios -> Alacarte Editor de Menus

Como instalar el demonion de clipboard para GNOME

  • Leer #Notas General
  • Primero agrega estos 5 comandos en un archivo como root, the last is user your user ID. 
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2
tar jxvf gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2 -C /usr/bin/
rm -f gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2
chown root:root /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
chmod 755 /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
gnome-clipboard-daemon &
exit
export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e
  • Agrega la siguiente linea al final del archivo 
@reboot gnome-clipboard-daemon
  • Salva el archivo editado

Como instalar el plug-in de Java para Mozilla Firefox

  • Leer #Notas Generales
  • Baja el archivo autoextraible para Linux (jre-1_5_0_06-linux-i586.bin) de

Java's Site y salvalo en tu directorio home. 

mv jre-1_5_0_06-linux-i586.bin /opt
cd /opt
chmod +x jre-1_5_0_06-linux-i586.bin
./jre-1_5_0_06-linux-i586.bin
ln -s /opt/jre1.5.0_06/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libjavaplugin_oji.so

El plugin de Java ahora esta instalado, confirmalo con el siguiente comando y verifica que en enlace simbolico esta en verde. 

ls /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins


Para habilitar que corrarn las aplicaciones de Java como limewire, realiza lo siguiente. 

gedit /etc/profile.d/java.sh
  • Inserta las siguientes lineas en el nuevo archivo. 
#!/bin/sh
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jre1.5.0_06
export JAVA_HOME
JAVA_BIN=$JAVA_HOME/bin
CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME:$JAVA_HOME/lib
PATH=$JAVA_BIN:$PATH
export JAVA_BIN CLASSPATH PATH
  • Salva el archivo editado. 
source /etc/profile.d/java.sh
/usr/sbin/alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /opt/jre1.5.0_06/bin/java 2
/usr/sbin/alternatives --config java
  • Deberas de ver la siguiente pantalla 
There are 2 programs which provide 'java'.

  Selection    Command
-----------------------------------------------

*+ 1           /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.4.2-gcj/bin/java
   2           /opt/jre1.5.0_06/bin/java

Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number:

Como instalar el plugin de flash (Macromedia Flash) para Mozilla Firefox 

yum --enablerepo=flash install flash-plugin
  • Reinicia Mozilla Firefox

Como instalar el lector de PDFs (Adobe Reader) 

wget -c http://ardownload.adobe.com/pub/adobe/reader/unix/7x/7.0.5/enu/AdobeReader_enu-7.0.5-1.i386.rpm
yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33
rpm -i AdobeReader_enu-7.0.5-1.i386.rpm
rm -f AdobeReader_enu-7.0.5-1.i386.rpm
  • Aplicaciones -> Oficina -> Adobe Reader

Enlaza Adobe Acrobat a los plugins de mozilla

Enlazando el directorio de los plugins de mozilla, para poder ver documentos pdf en el navegador, con Acrobat Reader 

cd /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins
ln -s /usr/local/Adobe/Acrobat7.0/Browser/intellinux/nppdf.so

Como instalar Download Manager (Downloader for X) 

yum -y install d4x
  • Aplicaciones -> Internet -> Downloader for X

Como instalar el cliente de FTP (gFTP) 

yum -y install gftp
  • Aplicaciones -> Internet -> gFTP

Como instalar la utilidad para compartir archivos (DC++) 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/linuxdcpp.tar.gz 
tar zxvf linuxdcpp.tar.gz -C /opt
rm -f linuxdcpp.tar.gz
gedit /usr/share/applications/dcpp.desktop
  • Inserta las siguientes lineas en el nuevo archivo 
[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=DC++
Exec=/opt/linuxdcpp/dcpp
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=eyes.png
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Aplicaciones -> Internet -> DC++

Como instalar P2P BitTorrent Client (Azureus) 

wget -c http://heanet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/azureus/Azureus_2.3.0.6_linux.tar.bz2
tar jxvf Azureus_2.3.0.6_linux.tar.bz2 -C /opt
gedit /usr/share/applications/azureus.desktop
  • Agrega lo siguiente en el nuevo archivo: 
[Desktop Entry] 
Name=Azureus
Comment=A Bittorrent client
Exec=/opt/azureus/azureus
Icon=/opt/azureus/Azureus.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Aplicaciones -> Internet -> Azureus

Como instalar el cliente P2P eMule (aMule) 

yum -y install amule
  • Aplicaciones -> Internet -> aMule

Como instalar el cliente Gnutella P2P (LimeWire) 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/LimeWireOther.zip
unzip -u LimeWireOther.zip -d /opt/
rm -f LimeWireOther.zip
gedit /usr/bin/runLime.sh
  • Agrega las siguientes lineas en un nuevo archivo 
cd /opt/LimeWire/
./runLime.sh
  • Guarda el archivo editado 
chmod +x /usr/bin/runLime.sh
gedit /usr/share/applications/LimeWire.desktop
  • Agrega las siguientes lineas a un nuevo archivo 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=LimeWire
Comment=LimeWire
Exec=runLime.sh
Icon=/opt/LimeWire/LimeWire.ico
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Guarda el archivo editado
  • Aplicaciones -> Internet -> LimeWire

Como instalar Skype 

wget -c http://download.skype.com/linux/skype_staticQT-1.2.0.18.tar.bz2
tar jxvf skype_staticQT-1.2.0.18.tar.bz2 -C /opt/
ln -s /opt/skype-1.2.0.18/skype /usr/bin/skype
cp /opt/skype-1.2.0.18/skype.desktop /usr/share/applications/skype.desktop
cp /opt/skype-1.2.0.18/icons/skype_32_32.png /usr/share/pixmaps/skype.png
rm -f skype_staticQT-1.2.0.18.tar.bz2
  • Aplicaciones -> Internet -> Skype

Como instalar los codecs para Multimedia 

yum -y install gstreamer-plugins*
yum -y install lame
yum -y install ffmpeg
yum -y install mjpegtools
yum --enablerepo=atrpms install w32codec
gst-register-0.8

Como instalar la capacidad de reproducir DVDs 

wget -c http://download.videolan.org/pub/libdvdcss/1.2.9/rpm/libdvdcss2-1.2.9-1.i386.rpm
rpm -i libdvdcss2-1.2.9-1.i386.rpm

Como instalar el reproductor Multimedia (MPlayer) con el Plug-in para Mozilla Firefox 

yum -y install mplayer-gui
yum -y install mplayerplug-in
  • Aplicaciones -> Sound y Video -> MPlayer
  • Reinicia Mozilla Firefox

Como instalar el reproductor Multimedia (VLC) 


yum -y install videolan-client
  • Aplicaciones -> Sonido y Video -> VLC

Como instalar el reproductor Multimedia (XMMS) 


yum -y install xmms
yum -y install xmms-mp3
yum -y install xmms-skins
  • Aplicaciones -> Sonido y Video -> XMMS

How to install Multimedia Player (amaroK) 

yum -y install amarok
  • Applications -> Sound y Video -> amaroK

Como instalar el reproductor Multimedia (RealPlayer 10) 

yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33
  • Descargar RealPlayer Gold de: here.
  • Instalarlo.
Considerando que el archivo .rpm se descargo a tu Escritorio, porque Firefox por default descarga todo al Escritorio 
rpm -ivh Desktop/RealPlayer10GOLD.rpm
yum remove HelixPlayer
  • Aplicaciones -> Sonido y Video -> RealPlayer 10

Como instalar el Buscador de Directorios de Stream (streamtuner) 

wget -c ftp://ftp.freshrpms.net/pub/dag/dries/packages/streamtuner/fc4-i386/streamtuner-0.99.99-1.2.fc4.rf.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh streamtuner-0.99.99-1.2.fc4.rf.i386.rpm
rm -f streamtuner-0.99.99-1.2.fc4.rf.i386.rpm
  • Aplicaciones -> Sonido y Video -> streamtuner

Como instalar ID3 Tag Editor (EasyTAG) 

yum --enablerepo=freshrpms install easytag
  • Aplicaciones -> Sonido y Video -> EasyTAG

How to install Video Editor (Kino) 

yum -y install kino
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> Kino

Como instalar el Editor de Audio(Audacity) 

yum -y install audacity
  • Aplicaciones -> Sonido y Video -> Audacity

Como instalar el DVD Ripper (dvd::rip) 

yum -y install perl-Video-DVDRip
yum --enablerepo=freshrpms install vcdimager
yum -y install cdrdao
yum --enablerepo=freshrpms install subtitleripper
ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/rar-2.80
gedit /usr/share/applications/dvdrip.desktop
  • Agrega la siguientes lineas en un nuevo archivo 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=dvd::rip 
Comment=dvd::rip
Exec=dvdrip
Icon=/usr/share/perl5/Video/DVDRip/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;
  • Guarda el archivo editado
  • Aplicaciones -> Sound & Video -> dvd::rip

Como instalar el Visor de Imagenes (Gwenview) 

yum -y install gwenview
yum -y install kipi-plugins
yum -y install ImageMagick
  • Aplicaciones -> Graphics -> Gwenview

Como instalar el Cliente de Correo (Mozilla Thunderbird) 

yum -y install thunderbird
  • Aplicaciones -> Internet -> Thunderbird Mail Client

Como instalar el Lector de Noticias (Pan) 

yum -y install pan
  • Aplicaciones -> Internet -> Pan Newsreader

Como instalar el lector de noticias RSS/RDF/Atom (RSSOwl) 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz
tar zxvf rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz -C /opt/
chown -R root:root /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
gedit /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
  • Agrega las siguientes lineas en el nuevo archivo 
export MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME=/usr/lib/mozilla-firefox
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:${MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME}:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
cd /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
./run.sh
  • Guarda el archivo editado 
chmod +x /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
gedit /usr/share/applications/RSSOwl.desktop
  • Agrega las siguientes lineas en el nuevo archivo 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=RSSOwl
Comment=RSSOwl
Exec=runRSSOwl.sh
Icon=/opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/rssowl.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Guarda el archivo editado
  • Aplicaciones -> Internet -> RSSOwl

Como instalar el visor CHM (GnoCHM) 

yum -y --enablerepo=dries install gnochm
  • Aplicaciones -> Accesorios -> CHM Viewer

Como instalar Web Authoring System (Nvu) 

yum -y install xorg-x11-deprecated-libs
wget -c http://www.nvu.com/download/linux/1.0/nvu-1.0-RedHat_and_Fedora/nvu-1.0-1.rhel4.fs.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh nvu-1.0-1.rhel4.fs.i386.rpm
  • Aplicaciones -> Programacion -> Nvu

Como instalar Web Authoring System (bluefish) 

yum -y install bluefish

Aplicaciones --> Programacion --> Bluefish Editor

Como instalar el ambiente de desarrollo Web de KDE (quanta plus) 

yum -y install kdewebdev
  • Aplicaciones -> Programacion -> Quanta Plus

Como instalar la Aplicacion de Cuentas (GnuCash) 

yum -y install gnucash
rm -fr /usr/share/gnome/apps/Applications/
gedit /usr/share/applications/GnuCash.desktop
  • Agrega las siguientes lineas en un nuevo archivo 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=GnuCash
Comment=GnuCash Personal Finance
Exec=gnucash
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/gnucash/gnucash-icon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Office;
  • Guarda el archivo editado
  • Aplicaciones -> Oficina -> GnuCash

Como instalar la Aplicacion Publicitaria de Escritorio (Scribus) 

yum -y install scribus
  • Aplicaciones -> Oficina -> Scribus

Como instalar la Aplicacion para quemar CD/DVD (GnomeBaker) 

yum -y install gnomebaker
  • Aplicaciones -> Sonido y Video -> GnomeBaker

Como instalar la Aplicacion para Quemar CD/DVD (k3b) 

yum -y install k3b
  • Aplicaciones -> Sonido y Video -> K3b

Como instalar el Editor de Particiones (GParted) 

yum -y install gparted
  • Aplicaciones -> Herramientas del Sistema -> GParted

Como instalar el Corta Fuegos(Firestarter) 

yum -y install firestarter
  • Aplicaciones -> Herramientas del Sistema -> Firestarter

Como instalar el analizador de trafico (Ethereal) 

yum -y install ethereal ethereal-gnome
  • Aplicaciones -> Internet -> Ethereal

Como instalar el Archivador RAR (rar) 

yum --enablerepo=freshrpms install rar unrar
  • Aplicaciones -> Accsesorios -> Archive Manager

Como instalar Fuentes Extras 

yum -y install xfonts-arabic
yum -y install xfonts-chinese
yum -y install xfonts-gujarati
yum -y install xfonts-hebrew
yum -y install xfonts-hindi
yum -y install xfonts-japanese
yum -y install xfonts-xorg-truetype
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/msttcorefonts-1.3-4.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh msttcorefonts-1.3-4.noarch.rpm
/etc/init.d/xfs restart

Como instalar Applets para el Escritorio (gDesklets) 

yum -y install gdesklets

Como instalar Compiladores Basicos 

yum -y install gcc
yum -y install gcc-c++

Como instalar el ambiente de Desarollo

  • Agrega el repositorio de desarrollo 
gedit /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-devel.repo
  • Agrega las siguientes lineas a un nuevo fichero 
[development]
name=Fedora Core $releasever - Development Tree
#baseurl=http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/core/development/$basearch/
mirrorlist=http://fedora.redhat.com/download/mirrors/fedora-core-rawhide
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
  • Guarda el archivo editado 
yum groupinstall "Development Tools"

Como instalar el Ambiente de Desarollo Integrado (Anjuta) 

rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY
yum -y install anjuta
  • Aplicaciones -> Programacion -> Anjuta IDE

Como instalar la herramienta de moldeo 3D (Blender 3d) 

yum -y install blender
  • Aplicaciones -> Graficas -> Blender 3D modeller

Como instalar el juego Frozen-Bubble 

yum -y install frozen-bubble

Como instalar el planetario virtual (Stellarium) 

yum -y install stellarium
  • Aplicaciones -> Graficos -> Stellarium nightsky renderer

Como instalar las aplicaciones de educacion de KDE 

yum -y install kdeedu
  • Aplicaciones -> Educacion -> ...

Other Desktop Environments

How to install KDE

or 
yum -y install htdig
yum -y install kdebase
yum -y install arts
yum -y install desktop-printing
yum -y install kdegraphics
yum -y install kdenetwork
yum -y install kdemultimedia
yum -y install kdeaddons
yum -y install kdeutils
yum -y install kdeartwork
yum -y install autorun
  • Log out
  • In Sessions chose KDE
  • Log in

Commercial Applications

How to install Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP (Win4Lin)

How to install Windows Applications (CrossOver Office)

How to install Windows Games (Cedega)

Users Administration

Set up Sudo on your PC 

gedit /etc/sudoers
  • Find this line 
# User privilege specification
root	ALL=(ALL) ALL
  • Add your username underneath where it says root and copy the rest of the line as is: 
# User privilege specification
root	ALL=(ALL) ALL
your_user_name ALL=(ALL)NOPASSWD: ALL

The NOPASSWD: secition is optional. If you work in a environment that you feel there maybe a security risk DO NOT USE THIS OPTION. Simply remove that section of the line. If you do not use the NOPASSWD: option, when you run a command with sudo, you'll need to enter your password NOT Roots.

How to set/change/enable root user password 

passwd root

How to disable root user account 

passwd -l root

How to add/edit/delete system users

  • Read #General Notes
  • Desktop -> System Settings -> Users and Groups
  • Users and Groups 
Users Tab -> Add User.../Properties/Delete

How to add/edit/delete system groups

  • Read #General Notes
  • Desktop -> System Settings -> Users and Groups
  • Users and Groups 
Groups Tab -> Add Group.../Properties/Delete

How to automatic login into GNOME (not secure)

  • Read #General Notes
  • Desktop -> System Settings -> Login Screen
  • Login Screen Setup 
General Tab -> Automatic Login ->
Login a user automatically on first bootup (Checked)
Automatic login username: Select "system_username"

How to change files/folders permissions 

Right click on files/folders -> Properties

Permissions Tab -> Read/Write/Execute (Checked the permissions for Owner/Group/Others)

How to change files/folders ownership 

chown system_username /location_of_files_or_folders

How to change files/folders group ownership 

chgrp system_groupname /location_of_files_or_folders

Hardware

how to get wireless working Intel IPW2200 b,g

download [1] Agree to the licence and save the file to your desktop then open the terminal and copy & paste each line. 

mkdir tmp
mv ~/Desktop/*-2.4.tgz ~/tmp 
cd tmp
tar -zxvf ipw2200-fw-2.4.tgz
cp * /lib/firmware
rmmod ipw2200
modprobe ipw2200
iwconfig

you should now see a access point You can use NetworkManager to control your wireless actvity 

#NetworkManager_for_Gnome

How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA) 

yum -y install nvidia-glx kernel-module-nvidia-$(uname -r)
or

How to install Graphics Driver (ATI) 

yum -y install ati-fglrx kernel-module-fglrx-$(uname -r)
  • If you have an Intel motherboard, you will have to modify your xorg.conf file after installing the drivers: 
gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • Find the following line 
Driver "fglrx"
  • Add the following line below it 
Option "UseInternalAGPGART" "no"

How to identify Modem chipset 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/scanModem.gz
gunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModem
chmod +x scanModem
cp scanModem /usr/bin/
  • To identify Modem chipset 
scanModem
gedit Modem/ModemData.txt

How to list partition tables 

fdisk -l

How to list filesystem disk space usage 

df -T -h

How to list mounted devices 

mount

How to list PCI devices 

lspci

How to list USB devices 

lsusb

How to speed up CD/DVD-ROM

e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 
/sbin/hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom
gedit /etc/hdparm.conf
  • Insert the following lines in the new file 
/dev/cdrom {
    dma = on
}
  • Save the edited file

How to mount/unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually, and show all hidden and associated files/folders

e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM
  • To mount CD/DVD-ROM 
mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide
  • To unmount CD/DVD-ROM 
umount /media/cdrom0/

How to forcefully unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually

e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 
umount /media/cdrom0/ -l

How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting 

mount -a

CD/DVD Burning

How to blank CD-RW/DVD-RW

e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 
umount /dev/cdrom
cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast

How to burn files/folders into CD/DVD 

nautilus burn:///
  • File Browser: CD/DVD Creator
  • Drag files/folders into window 
File Menu -> Write to Disc... -> Write

How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD 

Right click on Image (ISO) file -> Write to Disc... -> Write

How to duplicate CD/DVD

How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD

e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 
umount /dev/cdrom
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=file.iso bs=1024

How to create Image (ISO) files from folders 

mkisofs -o file.iso /location_of_folder/

How to generate MD5 checksum files 

md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5

How to check MD5 checksum of files

e.g. Assumed that file.iso and file.iso.md5 are in the same folder 
md5sum -c file.iso.md5

How to mount/unmount Image (ISO) files without burning 

mkdir /media/iso
modprobe loop
mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop
  • To unmount Image (ISO) file 
umount /media/iso/

How to set/change the burn speed for CD/DVD Burner

  • Read #General Notes
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  • Configuration Editor 
/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> default_speed (set/change the burn speed)

How to enable burnproof for CD/DVD Burner

  • Read #General Notes
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  • Configuration Editor 
/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> burnproof (Checked)

How to enable overburn for CD/DVD Burner

  • Read #General Notes
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  • Configuration Editor 
/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> overburn (Checked)

Networking

How to configure Google Talk

How to activate/deactivate network connections

  • Read #General Notes
  • Desktop -> System Settings -> Network
  • Devices Tab
  • Activate/Deactivate

How to configure network connections

How to change computer name 

hostname your_desired_computer_name

How to change computer descriptions 

cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
  server string = Samba Server
...
  • Replace with the following line 
  server string = new_computer_descriptions
  • Save the edited file 
testparm
/etc/init.d/smb restart

How to change computer Domain/Workgroup 

cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
  workgroup = MSHOME
...
  • Replace with the following line 
  workgroup = new_domain_or_workgroup
  • Save the edited file 
testparm
/etc/init.d/smb restart

How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service

e.g. Assumed that internet connections have been configured properly
Register free Dynamic DNS at https://www.dyndns.org
Automatically refresh IP in DynDNS Database/DNS every hour
* * * * * means minute hour date month year 
yum -y install ipcheck
gedit /root/dyndns_update.sh
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
USERNAME=myusername
PASSWORD=mypassword
HOSTNAME=myhostname.dyndns.org

cd /root/
if [ -f /root/ipcheck.dat ]; then
 ipcheck -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
else
 ipcheck --makedat -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
fi
  • Save the edited file 
chmod 700 /root/dyndns_update.sh
sh /root/dyndns_update.sh
export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e
  • Append the following line at the end of file 
00 * * * * sh /root/dyndns_update.sh
  • Save the edited file

How to share folders the easy way 

Right click on folder -> Share folder

Shared folder -> Share with: Select "SMB"
Share properties -> Name: Specify the share name

How to browse network computers

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
If computers or network folders could not be found, try access them directly
Read #How to access network folders without mounting
  • Places -> Network Servers

How to access network folders without mounting

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Shared folder's name: linux
  • Applications -> Run Application...
  • Run Application 
smb://192.168.0.1/linux

How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Network computer's Username: myusername
Network computer's Password: mypassword
Shared folder's name: linux
Local mount folder: /media/sharename
  • To mount network folder 
mkdir /media/sharename
mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword
  • To unmount network folder 
umount /media/sharename/

How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read/write

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Network computer's Username: myusername
Network computer's Password: mypassword
Shared folder's name: linux
Local mount folder: /media/sharename
  • To mount network folder 
mkdir /media/sharename
mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword,dmask=777,fmask=777
  • To unmount network folder 
umount /media/sharename/

How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Network computer's Username: myusername
Network computer's Password: mypassword
Shared folder's name: linux
Local mount folder: /media/sharename 
mkdir /media/sharename
gedit /root/.smbcredentials
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
username=myusername
password=mypassword
  • Save the edited file 
chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gedit /etc/fstab
  • Append the following line at the end of file 
//192.168.0.1/linux    /media/sharename cifs  credentials=/root/.smbcredentials    0    0

How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write

e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly
Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1
Network computer's Username: myusername
Network computer's Password: mypassword
Shared folder's name: linux
Local mount folder: /media/sharename 
mkdir /media/sharename
gedit /root/.smbcredentials
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
username=myusername
password=mypassword
  • Save the edited file 
chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gedit /etc/fstab
  • Append the following line at the end of file 
//192.168.0.1/linux    /media/sharename cifs  credentials=/root/.smbcredentials,dmask=0777,fmask=0777  0    0

Remote Desktop

How to configure remote desktop (not secure)

Warning! Remote Desktop will only work if there's a GNOME login session
Leaving computer with an unattended GNOME login session is not secure
Use (System -> Lock Screen) and off the monitor when computer is left unattended
  • Desktop -> Preferences -> Remote Desktop
  • Remote Desktop Preferences 
Sharing ->
Allow other users to view your desktop (Checked)
Allow other users to control your desktop (Checked)

Security ->
Ask you for confirmation (Un-Checked)
Require the user to enter this password: (Checked)
Password: Specify the password

How to connect into remote Fedora desktop

e.g. Assumed that remote Fedora machine have configured Remote Desktop
Read #How to configure remote desktop (not secure)
Remote Fedora machine: 192.168.0.1 
vncviewer -fullscreen 192.168.0.1:0
  • To quit vncviewer 
Press 'F8' -> Quit viewer

Remote conection Script by fedorajim

Open a teminal window and switch to root. 

gedit /usr/local/bin/remote2someone

Add the following text to the text editor 

#!/bin/bash 
# Written by fedorajim 
# enter the IP address ofthe remote PC 
IPADDRESS="$(zenity --entry --title "Enter IP Address" --text "Enter the IP Address of the remore PC:")"
echo $IPADDRESS
#Enter the username you aregoing to login with 
UserName="$(zenity --entry --title "Enter User  Name" --text "Enter the User Name to connect with:")"
echo $UserName
# opens a new terminal window and connects to remote PC
function ssh_Remote_PC
{
gnome-terminal -x ssh -L 5911:$IPADDRESS:5901 $UserName@$IPADDRESS
}
function View_Remote_PC
{
gnome-terminal -x vncviewer localhost:11
}
#################################################
selection=
until [ "$selection" = "0" ]; do
echo ""
echo "######################"
echo "1 - Make Remote Connection"
echo "2 - display Remote Desktop"
echo "0 - exit program"
echo ""
echo -n "Enter selection: "
read selection
echo ""
#####################
# Commands executed #
#####################
case $selection in
1 ) $(ssh_Remote_PC) ;;
2 ) $(View_Remote_PC) ;;
0 ) exit ;;
* ) echo "Please enter 1, 2  or 0"
esac
done

Click save and close the text editor. Right click the desktop an choose create launcher add the following to the Create Launcher dialog

  • Name: remote2someone
  • Comment: ssh remote connection
  • Command: /usr/local/bin/remote2someone
  • Type: application
  • Run in Terminal: Checked
  • Icon: click the Icon button and choose a icon


Click save.

How to connect into remote Fedora desktop via Windows machine

e.g. Assumed that remote Fedora machine have configured Remote Desktop
Read #How to configure remote desktop (not secure)
Remote Fedora machine: 192.168.0.1
  • Download VNC Viewer: Here

Windows

How to install support for NTFS 

yum -y install kernel-module-ntfs-$(uname -r)

How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (NTFS) manually, and allow all users to read only


e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)
Local mount folder: /media/windows
  • To mount Windows partition 
mkdir /media/windows
mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222
  • To unmount Windows partition 
umount /media/windows/

How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (FAT) manually, and allow all users to read/write

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)
Local mount folder: /media/windows
  • To mount Windows partition 
mkdir /media/windows
mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000
  • To unmount Windows partition 
umount /media/windows/

How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow all users to read only

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)
Local mount folder: /media/windows 
mkdir /media/windows
cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gedit /etc/fstab
  • Append the following line at the end of file 
/dev/hda1    /media/windows ntfs  nls=utf8,umask=0222 0    0

How to mount Windows partitions (FAT) on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)
Local mount folder: /media/windows 
mkdir /media/windows
cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gedit /etc/fstab
  • Append the following line at the end of file 
/dev/hda1    /media/windows vfat  iocharset=utf8,umask=000  0    0

Security

What are the basic things I need to know about securing my Fedora

  • Read #General Notes
  • Ensure hard drive is first in BIOS boot-up sequence
    • To prevent trespassers from using Linux Installation CD which allows them to gain root user access
    • To prevent trespassers from using Linux Live CD (e.g. Fedora/KNOPPIX/MEPIS) which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive
    • To prevent trespassers from installing another Operating System
  • Ensure a password is set for BIOS
    • To prevent trespassers from changing the BIOS boot-up sequence
  • Ensure computer is located at a secured place
    • To prevent trespassers from removing computer's hard drive which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive from a different computer
    • To prevent trespassers from removing computer's on-board battery which resets the BIOS password
  • Ensure passwords used on the system cannot be easily guessed
    • To prevent trespassers from cracking password file using brute force attacks (e.g. John the Ripper)
    • Create password with minimum length of 8 characters
    • Create password with mixture of characters/numbers, and upper/lower case
  • Ensure interactive editing control for GRUB menu is disabled
  • Ensure history listing is disabled in Console mode
  • Ensure Ctrl+Alt+Del is disabled in Console mode
  • Ensure interactive option is set for remove, copy and move of files/folders in Console mode
  • For day to day usage, login as a normal user
  • Disable root user account, use "sudo" instead
    • To reduce the amount of time spent with root privileges, and thus the risk of inadvertently executing a command as root
    • "sudo" provides a more useful audit trail (/var/log/auth.log)
    • Read #How to disable root user account
  • Install a Firewall
  • Perform vulnerability test

How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu 

grub

grub> md5crypt
Password: ****** (Fedora)
Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)
grub> quit

cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Find this section 
...
## password ['--md5'] passwd
# If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing
# control (menu entry editor and command-line) and entries protected by the
# command 'lock'
# e.g. password topsecret
#   password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
# password topsecret
...
  • Add the following line below it 
password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)
  • Find this section 
...
title		Fedora, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
root		(hd0,1)
kernel		/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro single
initrd		/boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386
savedefault
boot
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
#title		Fedora, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
#root		(hd0,1)
#kernel		/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro single
#initrd		/boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386
#savedefault
#boot
  • Save the edited file

How to disable history listing in Console mode 

rm -f $HOME/.bash_history
touch $HOME/.bash_history
chmod 000 $HOME/.bash_history

How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode 

cp /etc/inittab /etc/inittab_backup
gedit /etc/inittab
  • Find this line 
...
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
...
  • Replace with the following line 
#ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
  • Save the edited file 
telinit q

Rescue Mode

How to use Fedora Installation CD, to gain root user access

  • Read #General Notes
  • Insert Fedora CD #1 into your CD-ROM and boot from it 
linux rescue

How to change root user/main user password if forgotten 

# passwd root
  • To change main user password 
# passwd system_main_username

How to change GRUB menu password if forgotten 

grub

grub> md5crypt
Password: ****** (Fedora)
Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)
grub> quit

cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Find this line 
...
password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
...
  • Replace with the following line 
password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)
  • Save the edited file

How to restore GRUB menu after Windows installation

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda is the location of /boot partition 
# grub-install /dev/hda

How to add Windows entry into GRUB menu

e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition 
cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
title		Microsoft Windows
root		(hd0,0)
savedefault
makeactive
chainloader	+1
  • Save the edited file

How to read Linux partitions (ext2, ext3) in Windows machine

OR

Tips & Tricks

How to add extra Wallpapers, Icons and Themes 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/backgrounds.tar.gz
tar zxvf backgrounds.tar.gz -C /usr/share
rm -f backgrounds.tar.gz
  • Check weather you have file backgrounds.xml n your .gnome/ directory 
ls $HOME/.gnome2/ | grep "backgrounds.xml"
  • If this line printed out "backgrounds.xml" then run 
cp --preserve=ownership $USER_HOME/.gnome2/backgrounds.xml $USER_HOME/.gnome2/backgrounds.xml_backup
sed -n -e '1,3p' $USER_HOME/.gnome2/backgrounds.xml_backup > $USER_HOME/.gnome2/backgrounds.xml
cat /usr/share/backgrounds/frog.xml >> $USER_HOME/.gnome2/backgrounds.xml
sed -n -e '4,$p' $USER_HOME/.gnome2/backgrounds.xml_backup >> $USER_HOME/.gnome2/backgrounds.xml
  • ELSE run 
cp /usr/share/backgrounds/backgrounds.xml $USER_HOME/.gnome2/backgrounds.xml
chmod 777 $USER_HOME/.gnome2/backgrounds.xml


  • To add extra Icons and Themes run 
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/icons.tar.gz
tar zxvf icons.tar.gz -C $USER_HOME
rm -f icons.tar.gz
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/themes.tar.gz
tar zxvf themes.tar.gz -C $USER_HOME
rm -f themes.tar.gz


  • Try changing your background, and look in Applications -> Preferences -> Themes (Theme details)

How to add the Open Terminal to the R-Click 

yum -y install nautilus-open-terminal
  • Right Click the Desktop -> Open Terminal

How to get a shortcut to Root Terminal 

yum -y --enablerepo=dries install gksu
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Root Terminal

How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer 

Press 'Ctrl + Alt + Backspace'
or 
/etc/init.d/gdm restart

How to turn on Num Lock on GNOME startup 

yum -y install numlockx
cp /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default_backup
gedit /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default
  • Find this line (the last line) 
...
exit 0
  • Add the following lines above it 
if [ -x /usr/bin/numlockx ]; then
 /usr/bin/numlockx on
fi

How to switch to Console mode in GNOME 

Press 'Ctrl + Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)
  • To switch between consles in Console mode 
Press 'Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)
  • To switch back to GNOME mode 
Press 'Alt + F7'

How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Backspace from restarting X in GNOME 

cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
Section "ServerFlags"
	Option		"DontZap"		"yes"
EndSection

How to enable Ctrl+Alt+Del to open System Monitor in GNOME 

gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/global_keybindings/run_command_9 "<Control><Alt>Delete"
gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/keybinding_commands/command_9 "gnome-system-monitor"

How to refresh GNOME desktop 

killall nautilus

How to refresh GNOME panel 

killall gnome-panel

How to open each folder in the same window in Nautilus

  • Read #General Notes
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  • Configuration Editor 
/ -> apps -> nautilus -> preferences -> always_use_browser (Checked)

How to enable autosave in Gedit and disable creation of some_file~ files

  • Read #General Notes
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  • Configuration Editor 
/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> create_backup_copy (Unchecked)
/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> auto_save (Checked)

How to show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus

  • Read #General Notes
  • Places -> Home Folder
  • To temporary show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus 
Press 'Ctrl + H'
  • To permanently show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus 
Edit Menu -> Preferences

Views Tab -> Default View -> Show hidden and backup files (Checked)

How to browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus 

yum -y install gksu
  • To install File Browser (Root) 
gedit /usr/share/applications/Nautilus-root.desktop
    • Insert the following lines into the new file 
[Desktop Entry]
Name=File Browser (Root)
Comment=Browse the filesystem with the file manager
Exec=gksu "nautilus --browser ."
Icon=file-manager
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;
    • Save the edited file
  • To browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus
    • Applications -> System Tools -> File Browser (Root)

How to show Desktop Icons (Computer, Home, Trash)

  • Read #General Notes
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
  • Configuration Editor 
/ -> apps -> nautilus -> desktop ->
computer_icon_visible (Checked)
home_icon_visible (Checked)
trash_icon_visible (Checked)

How to change default file type "Open with" program 

Right click on file -> Properties

Open With Tab -> Add
Select "Open with" program

Select "Open with" program (Checked)

How to change preferred email client to Mozilla Thunderbird 

Mail Reader Tab -> Default Mail Reader -> Command: mozilla-thunderbird %s

How to open files as root user via right click 

gedit $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
for uri in $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS; do
	gnome-"gnome-open $uri" &
done
  • Save the edited file 
chmod +x $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root

Right click on file -> Scripts -> Open as root

How to disable beep sound in Terminal mode

  • Read #General Notes
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Terminal
  • Terminal 
Edit Menu -> Current Profile...

General Tab -> General -> Terminal bell (Un-Checked)

How to load Web site faster in Mozilla Firefox

  • Read #General Notes
  • Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
  • Mozilla Firefox 
Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: ->
network.dns.disableIPv6 -> true
network.http.pipelining -> true
network.http.pipelining.maxrequests -> 8
network.http.proxy.pipelining -> true
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox

How to disable beep sound for link find function in Mozilla Firefox

  • Read #General Notes
  • Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
  • Mozilla Firefox 
Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: -> accessibility.typeaheadfind.enablesound -> false
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox

How to install/uninstall .rpm files 

rpm -i package_file.rpm
  • To uninstall .rpm file 
rpm -e package_name

How to rename all files in directory at once 

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/mvb_1.6.tgz
tar zxvf mvb_1.6.tgz -C /usr/share/
chown -R root:root /usr/share/mvb_1.6/
ln -fs /usr/share/mvb_1.6/mvb /usr/bin/mvb
  • To rename all files in directory at once 
mvb NEW_NAME

How to manipulate all image files in directory at once 

yum -y install ImageMagick
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/bbips.0.3.2.sh
cp bbips.0.3.2.sh /usr/bin/bbips
chmod 755 /usr/bin/bbips
  • To manipulate all image files in directory at once 
bbips

How to set System-wide Environment Variables 

cp /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc_backup
gedit /etc/bash.bashrc
  • Append the System-wide Environment Variables at the end of file
  • Save the edited file

How to save "man" outputs into files 

man command | col -b > file.txt

How to show GRUB menu on boot-up 

cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Find this line 
...
hiddenmenu
...
  • Replace with the following line 
#hiddenmenu
  • Save the edited file

How to change the timeout seconds for GRUB menu on boot-up 

cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Find this line 
...
timeout     3
...
  • Replace with the following line 
timeout     X_seconds
  • Save the edited file

How to change default Operating System boot-up for GRUB menu 

cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Find this line 
...
default     0
...
  • Replace with the following line 
default     X_sequence
  • Save the edited file

How to display Splash Image for GRUB menu on boot-up

e.g. Assumed that hd0,1 is the location of Fedora boot partition 
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/fedora.xpm.gz
chmod 644 fedora.xpm.gz
mkdir /boot/grub/images
cp fedora.xpm.gz /boot/grub/images/
cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  • Find this section 
# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8)
#      grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8),
#      grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub
#      and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/.
...
  • Add the following line below it 
splashimage (hd0,1)/boot/grub/images/fedora.xpm.gz
  • Save the edited file

How to convert Wallpaper to Splash Image for GRUB menu

e.g. Assumed that wallpaper.png is the Wallpaper to be converted to Splash Image
splashimage.xpm.gz is the Splash Image for GRUB menu 
convert -resize 640x480 -colors 14 wallpaper.png splashimage.xpm && gzip splashimage.xpm

How to temporary skip boot-up services 

Press 'Ctrl + C'

How to permanently disable/enable boot-up services

How to clean /tmp/ folder contents on shutdown 

cp /etc/init.d/sysklogd /etc/init.d/sysklogd_backup
gedit /etc/init.d/sysklogd
  • Find this section 
...
 stop)
  log_begin_msg "Stopping system log daemon..."
  start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --exec $binpath --pidfile $pidfile
  log_end_msg $?
...
  • Add the following line below it 
  rm -fr /tmp/* /tmp/.??*
  • Save the edited file

How to scroll up and down to view previous outputs in Console mode 

Press 'Shift + Page Up'
  • To scroll down to view previously outputs 
Press 'Shift + Page Down'

How to forcefully empty Trash in GNOME 

rm -fr $HOME/.Trash/

How to remove duplicate menu/menu items in GNOME 

rm -f $HOME/.config/menus/applications.menu


Open Terminal Here in Nautilus 

gedit ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/"Open Terminal Here"

add the following text 

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
$_ = $ENV{'NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI'};
if ($_ and m#^file:///#) {
s/%([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/chr(hex($1))/eg;
s#^file://##;
exec "gnome-terminal --working-directory='$_'";
}
# Added 2003-12-08 Dexter Ang
if ($_ == "x-nautilus-desktop:///") {
$_ = $ENV{'HOME'};
$_ = $_.'/Desktop';
exec "gnome-terminal --working-directory='$_'";
}

Save and close Gedit

Right click the desktop choose Scripts then "Open Terminal Here"


Open Root Terminal Here in Naultilus 

gedit ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/"Open Root Terminal Here"

Add the following 

#!/bin/sh
cd $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI
sudo gnome-terminal


Save and close Gedit

Right click the desktop choose Scripts then "Open Terminal Here"

Samba Server

How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service

or 
yum -y install samba
yum -y install samba-client
yum -y install system-config-samba
  • Desktop -> System Settings -> Server Settings -> Samba

How to add/edit/delete network users

  • Read #General Notes
  • Use *Desktop -> System Settings -> Server Settings -> Samba
or 
smbpasswd -a system_username
gedit /etc/samba/smbusers
    • Insert the following line into the new file 
system_username = "network username"
    • Save the edited file
  • To edit network user 
smbpasswd -a system_username
  • To delete network user 
smbpasswd -x system_username

How to share home folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) 

cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
  security = user
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

testparm
/etc/init.d/smb restart

How to share home folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) 

cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
  security = user
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  • Find this line 
[homes]
	comment = Home Directories
	browseable = no
	writeable = yes
  • Replace with the following lines 
[homes]
	comment = Home Directories
	browseable = yes
	writeable = no
  • Save the edited file 
testparm
/etc/init.d/smb restart

How to share group folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) 

mkdir /home/group
chmod 777 /home/group/
cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
 security = user
 username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
[Group]
  comment = Group Folder
  path = /home/group
  public = yes
  writable = no
  valid users = system_username1 system_username2
  create mask = 0700
  directory mask = 0700
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup


testparm
/etc/init.d/smb restart

How to share group folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) 


mkdir /home/group
chmod 777 /home/group/
cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
  security = user
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
[Group]
  comment = Group Folder
  path = /home/group
  public = yes
  writable = yes
  valid users = system_username1 system_username2
  create mask = 0700
  directory mask = 0700
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup

testparm
/etc/init.d/smb restart

How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) 

mkdir /home/public
chmod 777 /home/public/
cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
  security = user 
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
[public]
  comment = Public Folder
  path = /home/public
  public = yes
  writable = no
  create mask = 0777
  directory mask = 0777
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup

testparm
/etc/init.d/smb restart

How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) 

mkdir /home/public
chmod 777 /home/public/
cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following lines 
  security = user
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
[public]
  comment = Public Folder
  path = /home/public
  public = yes
  writable = yes
  create mask = 0777
  directory mask = 0777
  force user = nobody 
  force group = nogroup

testparm
/etc/init.d/smb restart

How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=No) 

mkdir /home/public
chmod 777 /home/public/
cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following line 
  security = share
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
[public]
  comment = Public Folder
  path = /home/public
  public = yes
  writable = no
  create mask = 0777
  directory mask = 0777
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup
  • Save the edited file 
testparm
/etc/init.d/smb restart

How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=No) 

mkdir /home/public
chmod 777 /home/public/
cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
  • Find this line 
...
;  security = user
...
  • Replace with the following line 
  security = share
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
[public]
  comment = Public Folder
  path = /home/public
  public = yes
  writable = yes
  create mask = 0777
  directory mask = 0777
  force user = nobody
  force group = nogroup
  • Save the edited file 
testparm
/etc/init.d/smb restart

SSH

How to SSH into remote Fedora machine

e.g. Assumed that remote Fedora machine have installed SSH Server service and firewall allows to connect to it
Remote Fedora machine: 192.168.0.1 
ssh username@192.168.0.1

How to copy files/folders from remote Fedora machine into local machine (scp)

e.g. Assumed that remote Fedora machine have installed SSH Server service and firewall allows to connect to it
Remote Fedora machine: 192.168.0.1
Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt
Local machine save location: . (current directory) 
scp -r username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .

How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Fedora machine (scp)

e.g. Assumed that remote Fedora machine have installed SSH Server service and firewall allows to connect to it
Local files/folders location: localfile.txt
Remote Fedora machine: 192.168.0.1
Remote Fedora machine save location: /home/username/ 
scp -r localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/

How to copy files/folders from remote Fedora machine into local machine (rsync)

e.g. Assumed that remote Fedora machine have installed SSH Server service and firewall allows to connect to it
Remote Fedora machine: 192.168.0.1
Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt
Local machine save location: . (current directory) 
rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .

How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Fedora machine (rsync)

e.g. Assumed that remote Fedora machine have installed SSH Server service and firewall allows to connect to it
Local files/folders location: localfile.txt
Remote Fedora machine: 192.168.0.1
Remote Fedora machine save location: /home/username/ 
rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/

How to SSH into remote Fedora machine via Windows machine

e.g. Assumed that remote Fedora machine have installed SSH Server service and firewall allows to connect to it
  • Download PuTTY: Here

How to copy files/folders from/into remote Fedora machine via Windows machine

e.g. Assumed that remote Fedora machine have installed SSH Server service and firewall allows to connect to it
  • Download WinSCP: Here

Database Server

How to install MYSQL Database Server

or 
yum -y install mysql
yum -y install mysql-server
yum -y install php-mysql
yum -y install MySQL-python
yum -y install libdbi-dbd-mysql
yum -y install mysql-devel

mysqladmin -u root password new_db_user_password
/etc/init.d/mysqld start

How to install MYSQL Control Center 

yum -y install mysql-administrator
  • Applications -> System Tools -> MySQL Administrator

Web Server

How to install Web Server 

yum -y install httpd
yum -y install mod_ssl
yum -y install httpd-manual
yum -y install mod_perl
yum -y install mod_auth_mysql
yum -y install crypto-utils
yum -y install mod_python
/etc/init.d/httpd start

How to install PHP Web Server 

yum -y install php
yum -y install php-mysql

/etc/init.d/httpd restart
gedit /var/www/html/testphp.php
  • Insert the following line into the new file 
<?php phpinfo(); ?>

How to install MYSQL 

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

Apache tips

Remove your server's signature 

gedit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

find the line "ServerSignature"

Change "ServerSignature on" to 

 ServerSignature off
  1. Underneath add this line: 
ServerTokens ProductOnly

Save and close the text editer

restart apache 

/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart

How to map URLs to folders outside /var/www/ 

gedit /etc/httpd/conf.d/alias
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
Alias /URL-path /location_of_folder/

<Directory /location_of_folder/>
  Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
  AllowOverride All
  Order allow,deny
  Allow from all
</Directory>
  • Save the edited file 
/etc/init.d/httpd restart

How to change the default port number for Apache HTTP Server

e.g. Assumed that new port number is 78 
cp /etc/httpd/ports.conf /etc/httpd/ports.conf_backup
gedit /etc/httpd/ports.conf
  • Find this line 
Listen 80
  • Replace with the following line 
Listen 78
  • Save the edited file 
/etc/init.d/httpd restart

How to parse RSS into PHP for Apache HTTP Server

e.g. Assumed that RSS is DistroWatch.com - News 
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz
mkdir /var/www/feeds
tar zxvf magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz -C /var/www/feeds/
mv /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/* /var/www/feeds/
rm -fr /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/
chown -R www-data:root /var/www/feeds/
gedit /var/www/feeds/index.php
  • Insert the following lines into the new file 
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
 
 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
 
 <head>
 
 <title>DistroWatch.com - News</title>
 
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/>
 
 <style type="text/css">
 /*<![CDATA[*/
 /* 
 DEFAULT TAG STYLES
 */
 
 body {
  background: #ffffff;
  margin-left: 20px;
  font-family: bitstream vera sans,sans-serif;
  font-size: 9pt;
 }
 
 h1 {
  font-family: luxi sans,sans-serif;
  font-size: 15pt;
 }
 
 /*]]>*/
 </style>
 
 </head>
  
 <body>
 
 <?php

 require_once 'rss_fetch.inc';
 error_reporting(E_ERROR);
 
 $url = 'http://distrowatch.com/news/dw.xml';
 $rss = fetch_rss($url);
 
 if ($rss) {
 
  echo "<h1>";
  echo "<a href=$url>", $rss->channel[title], "</a><br/>";
  echo "</h1>";
 
  foreach ($rss->items as $item ) {
   $url = $item[link];
   $title = $item[title];
   $description = $item[description];
   echo "<li>";
   echo "<b>Topic:</b> <a href=$url><b><u>$title</u></b></a><br/><br/>";
   echo "$description<br/><br/>";
   echo "</li>";
  }
 
 }
 else {
  echo "<a href=$url>", $url, "</a> - Server Down!<br/>";
 }
 
 ?>
 
 </body>
 
 </html>

FTP Server

How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service 

yum -y install proftpd
/etc/init.d/proftpd start

How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read only 

cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
gedit /etc/proftpd.conf



  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
<Anonymous ~ftp>
 User            ftp
 Group            nogroup
 UserAlias          anonymous ftp
 DirFakeUser on ftp
 DirFakeGroup on ftp
 RequireValidShell      off
 MaxClients         10
 DisplayLogin        welcome.msg
 DisplayFirstChdir      .message
 <Directory *>
  <Limit WRITE>
   DenyAll
  </Limit>
 </Directory>
</Anonymous>
  • Save the edited file 
/etc/init.d/proftpd restart

How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read/write 

cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
gedit /etc/proftpd.conf
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
<Anonymous ~ftp>
 User            ftp
 Group            nogroup
 UserAlias          anonymous ftp
 DirFakeUser on ftp
 DirFakeGroup on ftp
 RequireValidShell      off
 MaxClients         10
 DisplayLogin        welcome.msg
 DisplayFirstChdir      .message
</Anonymous>
  • Save the edited file 
/etc/init.d/proftpd restart

How to map anonymous FTP user to folders outside /home/ftp/ 

cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
gedit /etc/proftpd.conf
  • Append the following lines at the end of file 
<Anonymous /location_of_folder/>
 User            ftp
 Group            nogroup
 UserAlias          anonymous ftp
 DirFakeUser on ftp
 DirFakeGroup on ftp
 RequireValidShell      off
 MaxClients         10
 DisplayLogin        welcome.msg
 DisplayFirstChdir      .message
 <Directory *>
  <Limit WRITE>
   DenyAll
  </Limit>
 </Directory>
</Anonymous>
  • Save the edited file 
/etc/init.d/proftpd restart

How to change the default port number for FTP Server

e.g. Assumed that new port number is 77 
cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
gedit /etc/proftpd.conf
  • Find this line 
Port              21
  • Replace with the following line 
Port              77
  • Save the edited file 
/etc/init.d/proftpd restart

How to ftp into remote Fedora machine via Windows machine

e.g. Assumed that remote Fedora machine have installed FTP Server service
Read #How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service
  • Download FileZilla: Here
Retrieved from "http://easylinux.info/wiki/Fedora_fc5_mx"
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