CochiBasba at 20:58, 22 May 2009

CochiBasba — Fri, 22 May 2009 20:58:33 GMT

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'''En suosittele toimimaan tÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤n osittain suomennetun ohjeen mukaan ennenkuin sen kÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤nnÃÂ¶kset on tarkistettu huolella, sitÃÂ¤ odotellessa suosittelen tutustumaan [http://fi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ubuntu_tutuksi Ubuntu Tutuksi -wikikirjaan], joka tutustuttaa sinut aloittelijan nÃÂ¤kÃÂ¶kulmasta katsottuna Ubuntuun.'''

TÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤n oppaan tavoitteena on opastaa uusia ja vÃÂ¤hÃÂ¤n kokeneempiakin Linux-kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jiÃÂ¤ oppimaan lisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ Ubuntusta ja ratkomaan ongelmia. Seuraamalla tÃÂ¤tÃÂ¤ opasta voit ratkaista monet pulmat, joita Linuxin kÃÂ¤ytÃÂ¶ssÃÂ¤ yleisimmin ilmenee. Tavoitteena on antaa ohjeita, jotka opettavat sinulle muutakin Linuxista kuin pelkÃÂ¤n ulkokuoren - ja kaiken lisÃÂ¤ksi suomeksi.

__TOC__

== Aluksi ==
==== MikÃÂ¤ on Ubuntu Linux====
Ubuntu Linux on virus-vapaa, turvallinen ja ilmainen kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤, jonka voi kuka tahansa asentaa.
*http://www.ubuntu-fi.org/

==== MistÃÂ¤ voi katsoa Ubuntun kuvakaappauksia====
*http://www.ubuntu-fi.org/Wiki/Kuvakaappauksia
==== MistÃÂ¤ voi tilata Ubuntun CD:ItÃÂ¤ tÃÂ¤ysin ilmaiseksi?====
*http://shipit.ubuntulinux.org
==== MistÃÂ¤ voin ladata Ubuntu Linuxin?====
*http://www.ubuntu-fi.org/
==== MistÃÂ¤ saa tukea Ubuntuun?====
*http://forum.ubuntu-fi.org/
*http://www.linux-tuki.fi/
*irc://irc.freenode.net/ubuntu-fi
==== MistÃÂ¤ etsiÃÂ¤ uusia ohjelmia? ====

* http://gnomefiles.org/
* http://www.kde-apps.org/
* [http://freshmeat.net/browse/18/ http://freshmeat.net]
* http://sourceforge.net/

==== MistÃÂ¤ etsiÃÂ¤ uusia teemoja Gnomeen/KDE:hen? ====

* http://gnome-look.org/
* http://www.kde-look.org/
* http://art.gnome.org/

== Ohjelmavarastot ==
==== Ohjelmavarastojen asentaminen ====
* Voit myÃÂ¶s tehdÃÂ¤ saman Synapticilla, jos olet kyllÃÂ¤stynyt kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n apt-getia.
1. Avaa pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤te ''Sovellukset > Apuohjelmat > PÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤te'' ja kopioi sinne seuraavat rivit

sudo cp -p /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

2. TyhjennÃÂ¤ avautuva tiedosto ja liitÃÂ¤ sen sisÃÂ¤llÃÂ¶ksi seuraavat rivit. Tallenna tiedosto.

deb http://fi.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://fi.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://fi.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://fi.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://fi.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://fi.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse

3. PÃÂ¤ivitÃÂ¤ kirjoittamalla pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤tteeseen

sudo apt-get update

== Ubuntun PÃÂ¤ivittÃÂ¤minen ==
Voit pÃÂ¤ivittÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ Ubuntun myÃÂ¶s Synapticilla graafisessa kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶liittymÃÂ¤ssÃÂ¤

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

== Ohjelmien asentaminen ==
==== YleistÃÂ¤ ====
Ohjelmat voi asentaa monella tapaa,
* Synapticilla (JÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ > Hallinta > Synaptic-pakettienhallinta)
Merkitse mitÃÂ¤ asennetaan ja paina sitten Toteuta.

* LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ tai poista sovelluksia -valikolla (Sovellukset > LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ tai poista ...)
Pelkistetty pakettienhallinta, valitset asennettavat sovellukset ja painat OK.

* PÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤tteellÃÂ¤
sudo apt-get install ohjelman_nimi

Muistathan ''pÃÂ¤ivittÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ pakettivarastot'', jotta saat itsellesi ajan tasalla olevat versiot paketeista.

==== Asenna Javatuki (Sun Java) ====

sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin
*lisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ vielÃÂ¤ komento
sudo update-alternatives --config java
*valitse numero joka lukee ''java-1.5.0-sun'' kohdalla

==== Asenna Flash-tuki ====

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
sudo update-flashplugin

==== Asenna Lazarus ====
* Laxarus on graafinen ohjelmistokehitin, sitÃÂ¤ pidetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n parhaimpana ohjelmointialustana Linuxille.
1. Avaa pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤te
sudo apt-get install libgtk1.2 ja libgtk1.2-dev libgdk-pixbuf-dev libgdk-pixbuf2

2. Aluksi pitÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ asentaa FreePascal pakettina
ftp://ftp.freepascal.org/pub/fpc/dist/i386-linux-2.0.2/fpc-2.0.2.i386-linux.tar

3. Asenna sitten Lazarus
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/lazarus/fpc-2.0.2.i386-linux.tar?download

==== Asenna PDF:n lukija ====
Linuxille on tarjolla PDF-tiedostojen katseluun monia eri ohjelmia. NÃÂ¤istÃÂ¤ yleisimpiÃÂ¤ on acroread. Muita vaihtoehtoja ovat evince, xpdf ja gv.

sudo apt-get install acroread
sudo apt-get install mozilla-acroread
sudo apt-get install acroread-plugins

==== Windowsin kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤minen Linuxissa ====
Voit asentaa Windowsin virtuaalisesti esimerkiksi VMwaren avulla, asennusta varten sinulla tÃÂ¤ytyy tietenkin olla Windows-kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤n asennuslevyt ja tarvittava lisenssi.

* '''Valmiin virtuaaliaseman pyÃÂ¶ritykseen''' soveltuu VMware player joka lÃÂ¶ytyy pakettien hallinnalla
sudo apt-get install vmware-player

tai voit vaihtoehtoisesti myÃÂ¶s ladata sen VMwaren omilta sivuilta:

http://www.vmware.com/products/player/

Valmiiksi konfiguroituja virtuaalikojeita lÃÂ¶ytyy osoitteesta:

http://www.vmware.com/vmtn/appliances/

* '''Asentaaksesi virtuaaliasemia''' tarvitset joko VMware Serverin tai VMware Workstationin, suosittelen VMware ServeriÃÂ¤ koska se on ilmainen vaihtoehto.
Voit ladata sen VMwaren omilta sivuilta sekÃÂ¤ rekisterÃÂ¶idÃÂ¤ itsellesi ilmaisen seriaalinumeron:

http://www.vmware.com/products/server/

lataa palvelin kotihakemistoosi ja sen jÃÂ¤lkeen avaa pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤te johon kopioi seuraava:
cd
tar xvfz VMware-server-*.tar.gz
cd vmware-server-distrib
./vmware-install.pl

* '''Huom.''' Tarvitset VMwaren toimimiseksi omaa kerneliÃÂ¤si vastaavan linux-restricted-modules paketin
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r`

==== Asenna Lataus Manageri (Downloader for X) ====

sudo apt-get install d4x

==== Asenna FTP-ohjelma (gFTP) ====

sudo apt-get install gftp

==== Asenna Tiedostojen jakoon P2P DC++-klooni ====

* vaatii wget-ohjelman asennuksen
sudo apt-get install wget

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/linuxdcpp.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf linuxdcpp.tar.gz -C /opt
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dcpp.desktop

* LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ tiedostoon seuraavat rivit
[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=DC++
Exec=/opt/linuxdcpp/ldcpp
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=/opt/linuxdcpp/pixmaps/linuxdcpp.svg
Categories=Application;Network;

==== Asenna P2P-ohjelma BitTorrent Axureus ====
* vaatii wgetin asennuksen
sudo apt-get install azureus

==== Asenna aMule P2P====
* vaatii wgetin asennuksen
sudo apt-get install amule

==== Asenna FrostWire P2P====
* vaatii JSE:n
sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin

sudo update-alternatives --config java
* Asennus sitten
wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb
sudo dpkg -i FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb

==== Asenna Messenger (Skype)====

sudo apt-get install skype

====Emulaattorit ====
===== Playstation (pcsx)=====
sudo apt-get install pcsx

=====Gameboy (Gnuboy)=====
*ohjelmalla voi pelata Gameboy ja Gameboy AdvancepelejÃÂ¤

sudo apt-get install gnuboy-sdl

Ohjelmaa kÃÂ¤ytetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n nÃÂ¤in: Sovellukset > Apuohjelmat > PÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤te
Kirjoita pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤tteelle pelinnimi. Eli pelinnimi ja tiedostopÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤te.

sdlgnuboy pelinnimi

===== Dos (Dosemu)=====
sudo apt-get install dosemu

===== Nintendo (Nestra)=====
sudo apt-get install nestra

===== Supernintendo (zsnes)=====
sudo apt-get install zsnes

==== Asenna WinPopup (LinPopUp)====
* Vaatii Samba serverin
sudo apt-get install samba
sudo apt-get install smbfs

sudo apt-get install linpopup
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linpopup.desktop
*Kirjoita tiedostoon seuraavat rivit ja tallenna
[Desktop Entry]
Name=LinPopUp
Comment=LinPopUp
Exec=linpopup
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/linpopup.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Utility;

==== Asenna Multimediakoodekit====
* Suorita yksi rivi kerrallaan
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-gl gstreamer0.10-plugins-base
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse
sudo apt-get install w32codecs
* KÃÂ¤ynnistÃÂ¤ graafinen tila (Gnome/GDM) uudestaan
sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart

==== Asenna Tuki DVD:n toistolle====
* Suorita yksi rivi kerrallaan
sudo apt-get install libdvdread3
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh
sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2
sudo apt-get install totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin
sudo apt-get install mplayer

==== Asenna RealPlayer 10====
sudo apt-get install realplay

==== Asenna Stream Directory Browser====
sudo apt-get install streamtuner
sudo apt-get install streamripper

==== Asenna Music Organizer (Cowbell)====
sudo apt-get install cowbell

==== Asenna ID3 Tag Editor (EasyTAG)====
sudo apt-get install easytag
====Asenna CAD ohjelmat Qcad, Xfig====

====Asenna Vektorigrafiikka Inkscape====
sudo apt-get install inkscape

==== Asenna Kino Video Editointi====
sudo apt-get install kino
sudo apt-get install kinoplus
sudo apt-get install kino-timfx
sudo apt-get install kino-dvtitler

==== Asenna Cinelerra Video Editointi====
sudo apt-get install cinelerra

==== Asenna Audacity musiikinmuokkain (harrastelijoille)====
sudo apt-get install audacity

==== Asenna Ardour musiikinmuokkain (ammattilaisille)====
sudo apt-get install ardour

==== Asenna DVD:n muokkain/kopioija====
* esivalmistelut, vaatii DVD:n toisto, Totem Firefox laajennuksen ja multimediakoodekkien asennuksen ennen tÃÂ¤hÃÂ¤n vaiheen aloittamista
sudo apt-get install rar
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar

* Asenna
sudo apt-get install dvdrip
sudo apt-get install vcdimager
sudo apt-get install cdrdao
sudo apt-get install subtitleripper
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/rar-2.80
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dvdrip.desktop

*LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ tiedostoon seuraavat rivit
[Desktop Entry]
Name=dvd::rip
Comment=dvd::rip
Exec=dvdrip
Icon=/usr/share/perl5/Video/DVDRip/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

==== Asenna CD:n muokkain/kopioija (Goobox)====
* Vaatii multimediakoodekkejen asennusta

sudo apt-get install goobox
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
* LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ tiedostoon seuraavat rivit
[Desktop Entry]
Name=CD Player & Ripper
Comment=Play and extract CDs
Exec=goobox
Icon=goobox.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

==== Asenna Picasa (kuvanhallintaohjelma)====
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install picasa

==== Asenna Opera====
sudo apt-get install opera

==== Asenna SÃÂ¤hkÃÂ¶postiohjelma Mozilla Thunderbird====
sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird

==== Asenna GimpShop====
http://linux.suramya.com/tutorials/Install_GIMPShop/

==== Asenna Liferea RSS-lukuohjelma====
sudo apt-get install liferea

* muita hyviÃÂ¤ vaihtoehtoja ovat esimerkiksi Blam sekÃÂ¤ Straw

==== Asenna Acrecator RSS-lukuohjelma====
sudo apt-get install akregator

==== Asenna Web kehitysohjelma (NVU)====
sudo apt-get install nvu
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nvu
Comment=Web Development Editor
Exec=nvu
Icon=nvu.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

====Asenna Web kehitysohjelma (quanta plus)====
sudo apt-get install quanta

====Asenna Projektin hallintaohjelma (Planner)====
sudo apt-get install planner

====Asenna GnuGash taloushallinto-ohjelmisto====
sudo apt-get install gnucash
sudo rm -fr /usr/share/gnome/apps/Applications/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/GnuCash.desktop
* lisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ seuraavat rivit ja tallenna
[Desktop Entry]
Name=GnuCash
Comment=GnuCash Personal Finance
Exec=gnucash
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/gnucash/gnucash-icon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Office;

====Asenna Julkaisuohjelmisto (Scribus) latex====
=====Asenna Scribus=====
*Scribuksella voi taittaa ja luoda julkaisuja.Latex on myÃÂ¶s kova sana
sudo apt-get install scribus

====Asenna Diagrammi Editori (DIA)====
sudo apt-get install dia-gnome

====Asenna Compiled HTML Help (CHM) Viewer (xCHM)====
sudo apt-get install xchm

====Asenna Levynpoltto====
=====Asenna Gnomebaker=====
sudo apt-get install gnomebaker
=====Asenna K3B=====
sudo apt-get install k3b libk3b2-mp3

==== Asenna Dialup PPP Client (GNOME PPP)====
sudo apt-get install gnome-ppp

==== Asenna Broadband ADSL/PPPoE Client (RP-PPPoE)====
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RP-PPPoE.desktop
*kirjoita tiedostoon seuraava ja tallenna
[Desktop Entry]
Name=RP-PPPoE
Comment=RP-PPPoE
Exec=gksudo /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/go-gui
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

==== Asenna KÃÂ¤ynnistyslatain====
sudo apt-get install bum

==== Asenna levynosiointiohjelma (GParted)====
sudo apt-get install gparted

==== Asenna graafinen palomuuri (Firestarter)====
sudo apt-get install firestarter

==== Asenna graafinen internetinkÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶analysoija (Ethereal)====
sudo apt-get install ethereal

==== Asenna Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus)====
sudo apt-get install nessus
sudo apt-get install nessusd
sudo nessus-adduser
sudo ln -fs /etc/init.d/nessusd /etc/rc2.d/S20nessusd
sudo /etc/init.d/nessusd start
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nessus.desktop
* kirjoita tidostoon seuraavat rivit ja tallenna
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nessus
Comment=Nessus
Exec=nessus
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/nessus.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;

==== Asenna RAR Archiver (rar)====
sudo apt-get install rar
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar

==== Asenna lisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ fontteja====
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-arabic
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-asian
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-european
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-phonetic
sudo apt-get install gsfonts-x11
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
sudo fc-cache -f -v

==== Asenna tuki kiinankielelle====
sudo apt-get install scim
sudo apt-get install scim-chinese
sudo apt-get install scim-config-socket
sudo apt-get install scim-gtk2-immodule
sudo apt-get install scim-tables-zh
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz -C /usr/share/fonts/truetype/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/fonts/truetype/fireflysung-1.3.0/
sudo fc-cache -f -v

*paina CTRL+SPACE

==== Asenna gDesklets-tyÃÂ¶pÃÂ¶ytÃÂ¤vimpaimet====
sudo apt-get install gdesklets
sudo apt-get install gdesklets-data

==== Asenna Yleinen kÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ntÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤====
sudo apt-get install build-essential

==== Asenna integroitu kehitysympÃÂ¤ristÃÂ¶ (Anjuta)====
sudo apt-get install anjuta

==== Asenna MonoDevelop (C# IDE) ====
sudo apt-get install mono mono-gmcs mono-gac mono-utils monodevelop

==== Asenna 3D-grafiikan luontiohjelma (Blender)====
sudo apt-get install blender

==== Asenna pelejÃÂ¤====
=====Asenna frozen-bubble=====
sudo apt-get install frozen-bubble
=====Asenna Scorched3D=====
sudo apt-get install scorched3d
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/scorched3d.desktop
*kirjoita tiedostoon seuraava ja tallenna.
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Scorched 3D
Comment=A 3D Remake Of Scorched Earth
Exec=scorched3d
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Game;ArcadeGame;
=====Asenna planetaario-ohjelma (Stellarium)=====
sudo apt-get install stellarium
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/stellarium.desktop
*LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ tiedostoon seuraava ja tallenna.
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Stellarium
Comment=Virtual planetarium
Exec=stellarium
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Education;
====Asenna Google Earth====
wget -c http://dl.google.com/earth/GE4/GoogleEarthLinux.bin
sudo sh GoogleEarthLinux.bin
* Kun olet asentanut Klikkaa Exit ja suorita seuraava
sudo cp /usr/local/google-earth/googleearth.desktop /usr/share/applications/
*Tuokin voisi olla hyvÃÂ¤ tehdÃÂ¤
sudo chmod 777 -R ~/.googleearth

====Asenna KDE:n opetusviihdesovellukset====
sudo apt-get install kdeedu

====Asenna Wine (Wine Is Not an Emulator)====
* tÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤n ohjelman avulla voi suorittaa Windows-ohjelmia Linuxissa.
sudo apt-get install wine
* lisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ infoa saatavissa http://www.winehq.com/
* tarkemmat ohjeet asennukseen ja asetuksien laittoon http://fi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ubuntu_tutuksi/Wine

====Maksullinen tapa saada Windows-ohjelmat toimimaan====
*Crossover Office on maksullinen tapa saada Windows-ohjelmia toimimaan Linuxissa

http://www.codeweavers.com

Lataa ilmainen kokeiluversio http://www.codeweavers.com/products/download_trial/

Luettelo toimivista ohjelmista: http://www.codeweavers.com/compatibility/browse/cat

====Asenna WineCVS====
* tÃÂ¤llÃÂ¤ ohjelmalla voi pelata WindowspelejÃÂ¤ Linuxissa.
http://www.linux-gamers.net/modules/wiwimod/index.php?page=HOWTO+Cedega+CVS

YritÃÂ¤ seuraavaa komentoa
sudo apt-get install cvs build-essential bison flex-old libasound2-dev libpng12-dev libjpeg62-dev
sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev libxrender-dev libttf2 libttf-dev libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-ttf2.0-dev
sudo apt-get install libsdl-net1.2-dev libsdl-gfx1.2-dev msttcorefonts libfontconfig1-dev wget
* pitÃÂ¤isi ilmeisesti asentaa X.org ja Gnublot
sudo apt-get install gnuplot xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-dev gcc-3.4
* No sitten OK ja lataa tiedosto koneelle
wget http://winecvs.linux-gamers.net/WineCVS.sh
* Avaa pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤te ja kirjoita
export CC=gcc-3.4
sh WineCVS.sh
* SItten suorita asennusohjelma ja kun se on valmis
CVScedega pelinnimi

====Asenna "First Person Shooter" -tyylinen Pudotus Terminaali (Tilda)====
sudo apt-get install tilda

*OletusnÃÂ¤ppÃÂ¤imenÃÂ¤ on F1. Vaihtaaksesi oletusnÃÂ¤ppÃÂ¤intÃÂ¤ voit joko kirjoittaa ''tilda -C'' pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤tteeseen, tai hiiren oikeaa nÃÂ¤ppÃÂ¤intÃÂ¤ Tildassa napsauttamalla valita Preferences / Asetukset. Asetukset-valikosta voit vaihtaa myÃÂ¶s muita asetuksia, kuten nÃÂ¤kymÃÂ¤ttÃÂ¶myyttÃÂ¤, fonttia, fontin kokoa sekÃÂ¤ ikkunoiden kokoa.

==Asenna muita tyÃÂ¶pÃÂ¶ytÃÂ¤ympÃÂ¤ristÃÂ¶jÃÂ¤==
====Asenna KDE====
sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
====Asenna XFCE====
sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

==Asenna silmÃÂ¤nruokaa==
==== Kuinka Xgl/Compiz (Nvidia) asennetaan?====

*Kattavan oppaan XGL:n saamisesta toimintaan eri nÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶korteilta lÃÂ¶ydÃÂ¤t sivulta: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=148351

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)]]

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Etsi "module"-otsikoitu osa tiedostosta

Section "Module"
Load "i2c"
Load "bitmap"
...
Load "type1"
Load "vbe"
EndSection

*Kommentoi dri and GLcore (mikÃÂ¤li tiedostossa) pois kÃÂ¤ytÃÂ¶stÃÂ¤ (kirjoittamalla # rivin alkuun).

# Load "dri"
# Load "GLcore"

*Varmista, ettÃÂ¤ glx-moduli ladataan

Load "glx"

*Etsi osa "Device", jossa mÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ritellÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n verkkokortin ajuri (arvot voivat erota)

Section "Device"
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
Driver "nv"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection

*Muuta rivit seuraaviksi (jÃÂ¤tÃÂ¤ "identifier" ja "BusID" alkuperÃÂ¤isiksi).

Section "Device"
...
Driver "nvidia"
...
Option "RenderAccel" "true"
Option "AllowGLXWithComposite" "true"
EndSection

*Etsi monitorin mÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤rittelyosa

Section "Screen"
Identifier "Default Screen"
Device "NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
Monitor "Generic Monitor"
DefaultDepth 16

*Varmista, ettÃÂ¤ DefaultDepth on 24:

DefaultDepth 24

*Tallenna muokkaamasi tiedosto
*Asenna Xgl/Compiz

sudo apt-get install compiz xserver-xgl libgl1-mesa xserver-xorg libglitz-glx1 compiz-gnome
sudo cp /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom-backup
sudo gedit /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom

*Korvaa kaikki seuraava

# GDM Configuration Customization file.
#
# This file is the appropriate place for specifying your customizations to the
# GDM configuration. If you run gdmsetup, it will automatically edit this
# file for you and will cause the daemon and any running GDM GUI programs to
# automatically update with the new configuration. Not all configuration
# options are supported by gdmsetup, so to modify some values it may be
# necessary to modify this file directly by hand.
#
# To hand-edit this file, simply add or modify the key=value combination in
# the appropriate section in the template below. Refer to the comments in the
# gdm.conf file for information about each option. Also refer to the reference
# documentation.
#
# If you hand edit a GDM configuration file, you should run the following
# command to get the GDM daemon to notice the change. Any running GDM GUI
# programs will also be notified to update with the new configuration.
#
# gdmflexiserver --command="UPDATE_CONFIG <configuration key>"
#
# For example, the "Enable" key in the "[debug]" section would be specified by
# "debug/Enable".
#
# You can also run gdm-restart or gdm-safe-restart to cause GDM to restart and
# re-read the new configuration settings. You can also restart GDM by sending
# a HUP or USR1 signal to the daemon. HUP behaves like gdm-restart and causes
# any user session started by GDM to exit immediately while USR1 behaves like
# gdm-safe-restart and will wait until all users log out before restarting GDM.
#
# For full reference documentation see the gnome help browser under
# GNOME|System category. You can also find the docs in HTML form on
# http://www.gnome.org/projects/gdm/
#
# NOTE: Lines that begin with "#" are considered comments.
#
# Have fun!

[daemon]

[security]

[xdmcp]

[gui]

[greeter]

[chooser]

[debug]

[servers]# Override display 1 to use Xgl
0=Xgl

[server-Xgl]
name=Xgl server
command=/usr/bin/Xgl :0 -fullscreen -ac -accel glx:pbuffer -accel xv:fbo
flexible=true

*Tee skripti, joka kÃÂ¤ynnistÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ Xgl:n tai Compiz:n kÃÂ¤ynnistyksen yhteydessÃÂ¤

sudo gedit /usr/bin/thefuture

*LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ seuraavat rivit uuteen tiedostoon. Korvaa .us omaa nÃÂ¤ppÃÂ¤imistÃÂ¶ÃÂ¤si vastaavalla koodilla. Esimerkiksi .gb (Iso Britannia) tai .fi (Suomi). Jos haluat nÃÂ¤hdÃÂ¤ tÃÂ¤yden luettelon nÃÂ¤ppÃÂ¤imistÃÂ¶istÃÂ¤, anna pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤tteessÃÂ¤ komento ''ls /usr/share/xmodmap''.

#!/bin/bash
gnome-window-decorator & compiz --replace gconf decoration wobbly fade minimize cube rotate zoom scale move resize place switcher &
xmodmap /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.us

*Tallenna tiedosto

sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/thefuture

*Ajaaksesi compiz-ohjelmaa tÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤n istunnon aikana

thefuture

*To have compiz load on startup
**System -> Preferences -> Sessions
**Startup Programs -> Add

/usr/bin/thefuture

**Click Ok, then Close
**Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

*Ongelmanratkaisua
**If Xgl/Compiz doesn't seem to work, or you get errors, simply restart your machine after adding "thefuture" to Startup programs
**If moving windows slows down the system, run gconf-editor from the terminal. Find apps/compiz/general/screen0/options. Disable detect_refresh_rate and set refresh rate to 60. Everything should work fine now...
**If you are using a non default keyboard layout (other language), you might have to change it back to what you need if the keyboard acts funny at System/Settings/Keyboard.
**You can also set the Super-key to the windows button here.
**If you don't want "bottom expanded panel", type "killall gnome-panel" in terminal.

*VinkkejÃÂ¤
**Switch windows = Alt + Tab
**Arrange and View All Windows = F12 turns on or off; clicking a window will zoom it to the front
**Switch desktops on cube = Ctrl + Alt + Left/Right Arrow
**Switch desktops on cube - with active window following = Ctrl + Shift + Alt + Left/Right Arrow
**Rotate cube manually = Ctrl + Alt + left-click
**Make window translucent/opaque = currently only possible with the "transset" utility
**Zoom-in once = Super-key right-click
**Zoom-in manually = Super-key + wheel mouse up
**Zoom-out manually = Super-key + wheel mouse down
**Move window = Alt + left-click
**Snap Move window (will stick to borders) = Ctrl + Alt + left-click
**Resize window = Alt + right-click

==Kaupalliset ohjelmat==
====Asenna Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP (Win4Lin)====
* KÃÂ¤ytÃÂ¤ Windowsia Linuxissa
http://www.win4lin.com
====Asenna (CrossOver Office)====
*Photoshopin ja Officen saa toimimaan Linuxissa
http://www.codeweavers.com
====Asenna Cedega====
*Cedegan avulla voi ajaa Windows-kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ varten tehtyjÃÂ¤ pelejÃÂ¤ Linuxissa. Voit myÃÂ¶s kÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ntÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ Cedegan lÃÂ¤hdekoodista, joka on saatavilla ilmaiseksi.
http://www.transgaming.com

==KÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤nhallinta==
====Luo root kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤lle uusi salasana====
* Root kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤n salasanan luominen aktivoi rootin kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤tilin
* Root kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤tilin luonti ei ole suositeltavaa, rikot samalla Ubuntun oletustoiminnan
* Jos aivan varmasti tiedÃÂ¤t mitÃÂ¤ teet, niin lisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ root kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤lle salasana
sudo passwd root

====Muuta root:in salasana====
sudo passwd -l root

====Kuinka sallia root:in kirjautuminen GNOMEen====
JÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ > Hallinta > Kirjautumisikkuna

Turvallisuus-vÃÂ¤lilehti > Turvallisuus > Salli yllÃÂ¤pitÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤n paikallinen kirjautuminen (valittuna)

====Kuinka kÃÂ¤ytÃÂ¤t komentorivia pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤oikeuksilla?====
sudo -s -H
Password: <aseta salasanasi>

====Kuinka lisÃÂ¤tÃÂ¤/muokata/poistaa jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤n kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jiÃÂ¤ ja ryhmiÃÂ¤====
Gnome-tyÃÂ¶pÃÂ¶ydÃÂ¤ssÃÂ¤ jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤n kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jien ja ryhmien muokkaaminen tapahtuu valikossa '''JÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤''' -> '''Hallinta'''-->'''KÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤ ja ryhmÃÂ¤t'''

*LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ uusi kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤ komennolla
sudo useradd jim
*Poista kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤ komennolla
sudo userdel jim
* lisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ tietoa saa komennolla
man usermod

====Kuinka kirjaudutaan automaattisesti Gnomeen? (alentaa tietoturvaa)====
JÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ > Hallinta > Kirjautumisikkuna

Turvallisuus-vÃÂ¤lilehti > KÃÂ¤ytÃÂ¤ automaattista kirjautumista

* Valitse kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤ alasvetovalikosta

====Kuinka jokaiselle kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤lle annetaan pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤n oikeudet (alentaa tietoturvaa)====
export EDITOR=gedit && sudo visudo
* LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ seuraava rivi tiedoston loppuun ja tallenna.
system_username ALL=(ALL) ALL

====Kuinka "sudo"-sessio lopetetaan====
sudo -K

==== Kuinka tiedostojen/kansioiden oikeuksia muutetaan ====
Napsauta oikealla hiiren nÃÂ¤ppÃÂ¤imellÃÂ¤ tiedostoja tai kansioita -> '''Ominaisuudet'''

'''Oikeudet'''-vÃÂ¤lilehti -> '''Luku/Kirjoitus/Suoritus''' (Valitse oikeudet Omistajalle/RyhmÃÂ¤lle/Muille)

sudo chmod kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤nimi /paikka_tiedostoille_tai_kansioille

==== Kuinka tiedostojen/kansioiden omistaja muutetaan====
sudo chown kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤nimi /paikka_tiedostoille_tai_kansioille

==== Kuinka tiedostojen/kansioiden ryhmien omistaja muutetaan====
sudo chgrp kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤nimi /paikka_tiedostoille_tai_kansioille

====sudo chgrp system_groupname /location_of_files_or_folders====
sudo chgrp system_groupname /location_of_files_or_folders

==Laitteisto==
====Kuinka asennetaan nÃÂ¤ytÃÂ¶nohjaimet ajurit (NVIDIA)====
sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-kernel-common
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable

==== Kuinka NVIDIA-logo poistetaan Gnomen kÃÂ¤ynnistyksestÃÂ¤====
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
* Etsi kohta
...
Section "Device"
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"
Driver "nvidia"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
...
* LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ seuraava rivi ja tallenna

Option "NoLogo"

==== Kuinka nÃÂ¤ytÃÂ¶nohjaimen ajurit (ATI) asennetaan====
* Katso epÃÂ¤virallinen ATIn Linux ajurien wiki http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu_Installation_Guide
* Tai http://www.Ubuntu-fi.org

==== Kuinka tunnistaa modeemin piiri====
sudo apt-get install build-essential wget

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/scanModem.gz
gunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModem
chmod +x scanModem
sudo cp scanModem /usr/bin/

*Tunnistaaksesi modeemin "chipset"in

sudo scanModem
gedit Modem/ModemData.txt

==== Ota Windowsin WLAN-ajuri Linuxin kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶ÃÂ¶n (Ndiswrapper)====
# Jotta ndiswrapper toimisi, tarvitset langatonta verkkokorttiasi varten tehdyn Windows-ajurin
# Asenna ndiswrapper vain, jos Linux ei tue verkkokorttiasi
# Luettelo tuetuista korteista lÃÂ¶ytyy tÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ltÃÂ¤: http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/index.php/List
sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils
sudo ndiswrapper -i /location_of_your_wireless_driver/your_driver.inf
sudo ndiswrapper -l
*Unload ACX module and load ndiswrapper
lsmod | grep acx
sudo rmmod acx (only if the module was found. It could also be acx_pci or similar)
modprobe ndiswrapper
*Aseta ndiswrapper latautumaan kÃÂ¤ynnistyksen yhteydessÃÂ¤
sudo ndiswrapper -m
sudo gedit /etc/modules
LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ seuraava moduli luetteloon
ndiswrapper
* Nyt voit konfiguroida verkkokorttisi komennoilla ifconfig ja iwconfig.
Oletetaan, ettÃÂ¤ wlan0 on langaton verkkokorttisi:
sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid "AP" key ababababababababab mode Managed
iwconfig
Nyt sinun pitÃÂ¤isi nÃÂ¤hdÃÂ¤ liitospisteen MAC-osoite ja signaalin voimakkuus.

====Asenna modeemin ajuri (SmartLink)====
uname -r (must be 2.6.10-5-386)
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/sl-modem-modules-2.6.10-5-386_2.9.9a-1ubuntu2+2.6.10-34_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i sl-modem-modules-*.deb
sudo apt-get install sl-modem-daemon

==== Kuinka konfiguroidaan PalmOS laitteet====
sudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/10-custom.rules
*lisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ tiedostoon seuraavat rivit

BUS="usb", SYSFS{product}="Palm Handheld*", KERNEL="ttyUSB*", NAME{ignore_remove}="pilot", MODE="666"

* tallenna
* LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ pilot-applet paneeliin napsauttamalla hiiren oikealla korvalla tyhjÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ kohtaa ja valitsemalla "LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ paneeliin"
* Seuraa nÃÂ¤ytÃÂ¶lle tulevia ohjeita

==== Kuinka osiotaulu listataan====

sudo fdisk -l

* Voit myÃÂ¶s kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ JÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ -> Hallinta -> Levyt

==== Kuinka tiedostojÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤n levytilan kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶ listataan====
df -T -h

* Voit katsoa sen myÃÂ¶s menemÃÂ¤llÃÂ¤ ''JÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ -> Hallinta -> Levyt''

==== Kuinka tiedostojÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n liitetyt laitteet listataan ====
mount

==== Kuinka PCI-laitteet listataan====
lspci

==== Kuinka USB-laitteet listataan ====
lsusb
==== Kuinka CD/DVD-ROM:n nopeutta nostetaan====
EsimerkissÃÂ¤ oletetaan ettÃÂ¤ /dev/cdrom on CD/DVD-ROM asemasi sijainti

sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom
sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf

* LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ seuraavat rivit tiedoston loppuun ja tallenna

/dev/cdrom {
dma = on
}

==== Kuinka CD/DVD-ROM liitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n tiedostojÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n====
EsimerkissÃÂ¤ oletetaan ettÃÂ¤ /dev/cdrom on CD/DVD-ROM asemasi sijainti

* LiittÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ksesi CD/DVD-ROM:n
sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide
* Irroittaaksesi CD/DVD-ROM:n
sudo umount /media/cdrom0/

==== Kuinka CD/DVD-ROM irrotetaan tiedostojÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤stÃÂ¤ ====
EsimerkissÃÂ¤ oletetaan ettÃÂ¤ /dev/cdrom on CD/DVD-ROM asemasi sijainti

sudo umount /media/cdrom0/ -l

==== Kuinka ottaa /etc/fstab:in muutokset kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶ÃÂ¶n ilman uudelleen kÃÂ¤ynnistÃÂ¤mistÃÂ¤ ====
sudo mount -a

==== Kuinka asentaa "Wacom tablet" ====

For a detailed guide with screenshots about how to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications, please follow the official Dapper guide at https://wiki.ubuntu.com//Wacom

With the version of the Linux Wacom driver (0.7.2) in Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake, if you unplug you tablet, it won't
function when you plug it back in and you will have to restart X. For this reason, it is best to leave the tablet
plugged in. This limitation will be removed when the 0.7.4 version of the driver is included in Ubuntu.

* lue ohjelman mukana tulleet tiedotteet (release notes)

* 1. Using Synaptic package manager1, check if the packages xserver-xorg-input-wacom and wacom-tools are already
installed - if not, install them. If you prefer using the command line, you can also execute :

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-wacom wacom-tools

* 2. Save a copy of your /etc/X11/xorg.conf :

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup

* then edit it with the command line :

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

* and change all /dev/wacom occurences into /dev/input/wacom (created by wacom-tools udev scripts), then save the file.

* You should be ready to go after you have restarted X. Remember to configure the "Extended input devices" in
your graphic applications (Gimp, Inkscape), however you can already check if it's working by moving your
stylus on the tablet : the mouse cursor should go through the whole screen.

== CD/DVD Poltto==

==== Kuinka cd-rw -levy alustetaan?====
EsimerkissÃÂ¤ oletetaan ettÃÂ¤ /dev/cdrom on CD/DVD-ROM asemasi sijainti

sudo umount /dev/cdrom
cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast

==== Kuinka tiedostoja tai kansioita poltetaan CD/DVD:lle?====
* Grillaamalla CD-levyjÃÂ¤ eli nÃÂ¤in...
nautilus burn:///
* File Browser: CD/DVD Creator

* Drag files/folders into window

File Menu -> Write to Disc... -> Write

==== Kuinka levykuva (.iso) poltetaan CD/DVD:lle?====
* Saman voi tehdÃÂ¤ myÃÂ¶s K3b:llÃÂ¤ tai Gnomebakerilla.

Napsauta oikella hiiren korvalla Image-tiedostoa (ISO) -> Kirjoita cd:lle... -> Kirjoita

====Kuinka kopioida CD/DVD====

* Lue #General Notes
* Lue #Kuinka luoda levykuva CD/DVD:n tiedostoista
* Lue #Kuinka polttaa .iso tiedostoja CD/DVD:lle?

====Kuinka luoda levykuva CD/DVD:n tiedostoista====

* Lue #General Notes

EsimerkissÃÂ¤ oletetaan ettÃÂ¤ /dev/cdrom on CD/DVD-ROM asemasi sijainti

sudo umount /dev/cdrom
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=file.iso bs=1024

====Kuinka luoda levykuva tiedostot kansioista====

* Lue #General Notes

mkisofs -o file.iso /kansion_sijainti/

====Kuinka MD5 tarkistustiedostot luodaan====

* Lue #General Notes

md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5

====Kuinka MD5 tarkistussumma lasketaan====

* Lue #General Notes

EsimerkissÃÂ¤ oletetaan ettÃÂ¤ tiedostot tiedosto.iso ja tiedosto.iso.md5 ovat samassa kansiossa

md5sum -c tiedosto.iso.md5

====Kuinka levykuva (ISO) liitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n polttamatta sitÃÂ¤====
* Lue #General Notes
* LiittÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ksesi Levykuvan (ISO)

sudo mkdir /media/iso
sudo modprobe loop
sudo mount tiedosto.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop

*Irrottaaksesi (ISO) tiedoston

sudo umount /media/iso/

====Kuinka CD/DVD:n polttamisnopeus asetetaan====

* Read #General Notes
* Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
* Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> default_speed (set/change the burn speed)

====How to enable burnproof for CD/DVD Burner====

* Read #General Notes
* Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
* Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> burnproof (Checked)

====How to enable overburn for CD/DVD Burner====

* Read #General Notes
* Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
* Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> overburn (Checked)

====Kuinka luoda multisession DVD+-RW disks====

* example Nero

====Kuinka MP3-tiedostoista tehdÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n audio-CD (GnomeBaker)====

* Read #General Notes
* Read #How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (GnomeBaker)

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-misc
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-mad

* Applications -> Sound & Video -> GnomeBaker

== Internet tyÃÂ¶skentely ==

==== Kuinka Google Talk konfiguroidaan ====

*See the answer at [http://www.google.com/support/talk/bin/answer.py?answer=24073 Google Talk Help Center]

==== Kuinka verkkoyhteyksiÃÂ¤ otetaan kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶ÃÂ¶n tai lopetetaan ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> Activate/Deactivate

==== Kuinka verkkoyhteys konfiguroidaan ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> '''Properties'''
Connection -> Enable this connection ('''Checked''')
Connection Settings -> Configuration: Select "DHCP/Static IP address"

DNS Tab -> DNS Servers -> Add/Delete

*Read [[#How to activate/deactivate network connections]]
===Kuinka modeemiyhteys konfiguroidaan ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To configure dialup

sudo pppconfig

*To connect dialup

sudo pon provider_name

*To disconnect dialup

sudo poff

==== Kuinka laajakaistayhteys konfiguroidaan ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo pppoeconf

==== Kuinka tietokoneen nimi vaihdetaan ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

General Tab -> Host Settings -> Hostname: Specify the computer name

*Save and close all opened applications, Reboot computer

==== Kuinka muutetaan tietokoneen kuvausta ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
...

*Korvaa seuraavalla rivillÃÂ¤

server string = new_computer_descriptions

*Tallenna muokattu tiedosto

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== Kuinka to change computer Domain/Workgroup ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
workgroup = MSHOME
...

*Replace with the following line

workgroup = new_domain_or_workgroup

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== Kuinka annetaan koneen nimi (hostname) tietokoneelle, jolla ei ole staattista IP-osoitetta kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤en ilmaista DynDNS-palvelua ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Register free Dynamic DNS at http://www.dyndns.com/services/dns/dyndns

sudo apt-get install ipcheck
sudo gedit /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh

*Insert the following lines into the new file
<pre>
#!/bin/sh

USERNAME=myusername
PASSWORD=mypassword
HOSTNAME=myhostname.dyndns.org

cd /root/
if [ -f /root/ipcheck.dat ]; then
ipcheck -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
else
ipcheck --makedat -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
fi
</pre>
*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh
sudo sh /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh

==== Kuinka kansioita jaetaan helpolla tavalla ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

Right click on folder -> Share folder

Shared folder -> Share with: Select "SMB"
Share properties -> Name: Specify the share name

==== Kuinka selataan paikallisverkon tietokoneita====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' If computers or network folders could not be found, try access them directly''
:'' Read [[#How to access network folders without mounting]]''

*Places -> Network Servers

==== Kuinka pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤stÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n kÃÂ¤siksi verkkokansioihin liittÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤ttÃÂ¤ niitÃÂ¤ tiedostojÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''

*Press 'Alt+F2' (Run Application...) and enter:

smb://192.168.0.1/linux

==== Kuinka liitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n/irrotetaan verkkokansioita ja annetaan kaikille kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jille lukuoikeus niihin ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

*LiitÃÂ¤ verkkokansio

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword

*Irrota verkkokansio

sudo umount /media/sharename/

==== Kuinka liitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n/irrotetaan verkkokansioita ja annetaan kaikille kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jille luku- ja kirjoitusoikeus niihin ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

*To mount network folder

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword,dmask=777,fmask=777

*To unmount network folder

sudo umount /media/sharename/

==== Kuinka liitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n/irrotetaan verkkokansiot kÃÂ¤ynnistyksen yhteydessÃÂ¤ ja annetaan kaikille kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jille lukuoikeus niihin ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials

*Insert the following lines into the new file

username=myusername
password=mypassword

*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

//192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename smbfs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== Kuinka liitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n/irrotetaan verkkokansiot kÃÂ¤ynnistyksen yhteydessÃÂ¤ ja annetaan kaikille kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jille luku- ja kirjoitusoikeus niihin====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials

*Insert the following lines into the new file

username=myusername
password=mypassword

*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

//192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename smbfs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials,dmask=777,fmask=777 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== Kuinka ipw2200-verkkokortti ja wpa otetaan kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶ÃÂ¶n ====

*See [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=130227p=423584 Ubuntuforuns.org how-tos]

==== Kuinka konfiguroidaan ja kÃÂ¤ynnistetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n PPTP-tunneli (VPN) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Use [http://pptpclient.sourceforge.net/howto-ubuntu.phtml these instructions] to automatically install PPTP Client
:'''OR'''
*Install manually

wget -c http://linux.edu.lv/uploads/content/pptp.tar.gz
tar zxvf pptp.tar.gz
sudo sh ./pptp/install

*To configure PPTP Client

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/pptpconfig.desktop

*Replace content of this file with the following lines

[Desktop Entry]
Name=PPTP Client
Comment=Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN)
Categories=Application;Network
Encoding=UTF-8
Exec=gksudo pptpconfig
Icon=gnome-remote-desktop.png
StartupNotify=true
Terminal=false
Type=Application

*The above lines change the default file in three ways: the application is placed in the Application/Internet category, gksudo will make the application run as superuser and we put a nice icon that appears in the menu.
*Start the client with ''Applications -> Internet -> PPTP Client''

==== Kuinka to Configure Ubuntu/Kubuntu with WPA using Network-Manager ====
Ubuntu Dapper in typical cases can configure WPA to work out of the box with minimal hassle. You'll need to install network-manager.

For Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install network-manager-gnome

For Kubuntu (will install knetworkmanager):

sudo apt-get install network-mananger-kde

Logout/Reboot.

Ubuntu users should now see the NetworkManager Applet in the Gnome notification area. Kubuntu users will probably have to run <tt>knetworkmanager</tt> before they see NetworkManager in the systray.

*Note: If you get a "The NetworkManager applet could not find some required resources. It cannot continue." message, then:

sudo gtk-update-icon-cache -f /usr/share/icons/hicolor

Once Network-Manager is installed, click on the NM icon in the notification area (default is at the top right of Ubuntu/Gnome). Choose your network, then enter your passphrase. Type a password for the keyring, and you're set.

If you don't see your network, click "Create New Wireless Network...", type your essid/networkname, then choose "WPA Personal" for wireless security.

*Note: If you installed Kubuntu then installed ubuntu-desktop & network-manager-gnome, you may not be able to use network-manager in Gnome, if at all. In this case, you may have to use WPA Supplicant and do some manual editing of conf files to get WPA up and running.

*Note: When you first log into Gnome/KDE, the keyring application will ask for a password. Future revisions of Network-Manager should resolve this.

== EtÃÂ¤hallinta (remote desktop) ==

==== EtÃÂ¤tyÃÂ¶pÃÂ¶ydÃÂ¤n konfigurointi (ei turvallinen) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''Warning! Remote Desktop will only work if there's a GNOME login session''
:'' Leaving computer with an unattended GNOME login session is not secure''
:'' Use (System -> Lock Screen) and switch off the monitor when computer is left unattended''

*System -> Preferences -> Remote Desktop
*Remote Desktop Preferences

Sharing ->
Allow other users to view your desktop ('''Checked''')
Allow other users to control your desktop ('''Checked''')

Security ->
Ask you for confirmation (Un-Checked)
Require the user to enter this password: ('''Checked''')
Password: Specify the password

==== How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop''
:'' Read [[#How to configure remote desktop (not secure)]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

vncviewer -fullscreen 192.168.0.1:0

*To quit vncviewer

Press 'F8' -> Quit viewer

==== How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop''
:'' Read [[#How to configure remote desktop (not secure)]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

*If you have a router remember to open the appropiate port the default one is 5900
:'' This process is called port forwarding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding port forwarding]

*Download DotNetVNC: [http://dotnetvnc.sourceforge.net/ Here]
:'' this is a free DotNet version that require the DotNet framework available from microsoft [http://msdn.microsoft.com/netframework/ here]
:'' Remember tha this is only one VNC client i've found searching in internet, search the one is more suitable for your interest

*Open the VNC client you have chosen, and insert the connection string formatted like this <LINUX BOX IP><:DESKTOP NUMBER>|<::PORT>
:'' In example use: 192.168.1.2:0 or 192.168.1.2::5900 to connect to desktop 0, to connect to desktop 1 use 192.168.1.2:1 or 192.168.1.2::5901 and so on

==== How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop via OSX ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop''
:'' Read [[#How to configure remote desktop (not secure)]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

*If you have a router remember to open the appropiate port the default one is 5900
:'' This process is called port forwarding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding port forwarding]

*Download ChickenOfTheVNC: [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ Here]

*Open ChickenOfTheVNC, and insert the host (IP adress of remote machine), the display number (0 is default and is port 5900) and the password.
:'' In example use: Host: 192.168.0.1, Display 0, Password: password

== Windows ==

==== Kuinka Windows-partitiot (NTFS) liitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n tiedostojÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n/irrotetaan tiedostojÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤stÃÂ¤ kÃÂ¤sin? ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

*LiitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n Windows-partitio:

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222

*Irrotetaan Windows-partitio

sudo umount /media/windows/

==== How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (FAT) manually, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

*To mount Windows partition

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000

*To unmount Windows partition

sudo umount /media/windows/

==== How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow all users to read only ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

/dev/hda1 /media/windows ntfs nls=utf8,umask=0222 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to mount Windows partitions (FAT) on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

/dev/hda1 /media/windows vfat iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow users read and write access ====

Warning: Ntfs writing support is still experimental. You should not enable it on production machines and/or volumes you don't have backups of. Proceed at your own risk!

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo apt-get install libfuse2 fuse-utils

*Download the latest ntfsprogs package (these are from the Dapper repositories, so they are safe to install.)

[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-ntfs/libntfs8_1.12.1-1_i386.deb libntfs8]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-ntfs/ntfsprogs_1.12.1-1_i386.deb ntfsprogs]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/fuse/libfuse2_2.4.2-0ubuntu3_i386.deb libfuse2]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/f/fuse/fuse-utils_2.4.2-0ubuntu3_i386.deb fuse-utils]

*Install the downloaded packages

sudo dpkg -i libfuse2_*.deb fuse-utils_*.deb ntfsprogs_*.deb libntfs8_*.deb

*Add fuse to the list of modules to load

echo fuse | sudo tee -a /etc/modules

*Create a user group to access the ntfs disks

sudo addgroup ntfs

*The output should look something like this, remember the GID (the number printed after the group name) as it may differ and we will need it later:

:''Adding group `ntfs' (1002)...''
:''Done.''

*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

*Create the local mount folder folder and edit the fstab file to mount the disks to this folder.

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
sudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file, using the GID number previously. The umask following this GID allows write access just to owner (root) and group (ntfs), and read access to everyone.

/dev/hda1 /media/windows ntfs-fuse auto,gid=1002,umask=0002 0 0

*Save the edited file.

*Add users to the ntfs group, where "username" is the name of the user you would like to have write access

sudo adduser username ntfs

*Fix Dapper [https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+source/linux-ntfs/+bug/29865 bug #29865] of the linux-ntfs package:

sudo rm /sbin/mount.ntfs-fuse && sudo ln /usr/bin/ntfsmount /sbin/mount.ntfs-fuse

*If you reboot now, the disk will be writable to the selected users when they logon. If you want the changes to take effect immediately without rebooting, execute the following command, ignoring the errors about "/" and others not being unmounted. You'll have to logout from all your user sessions for the new group to be acknowledged (usually a logout from your graphical session and login back again will do it).

sudo modprobe fuse && sudo umount -a && sudo mount -a

*Further troubleshooting is listed at this [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=142481 comprehensive howto thread].

== Turvallisuus ==

==== What are the basic things I need to know about securing my Ubuntu ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Ensure hard drive is first in BIOS boot-up sequence
**To prevent trespassers from using Linux Installation CD which allows them to gain root user access
**To prevent trespassers from using Linux Live CD (e.g. UBUNTU/KNOPPIX/MEPIS) which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive
**To prevent trespassers from installing another Operating System
*Ensure a password is set for BIOS
**To prevent trespassers from changing the BIOS boot-up sequence
*Ensure computer is located at a secured place
**To prevent trespassers from removing computer's hard drive which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive from a different computer
**To prevent trespassers from removing computer's on-board battery which resets the BIOS password
*Ensure passwords used on the system cannot be easily guessed
**To prevent trespassers from cracking password file using brute force attacks (e.g. John the Ripper)
**Create password with minimum length of 8 characters
**Create password with mixture of characters/numbers, and upper/lower case
*Ensure interactive editing control for GRUB menu is disabled
**To prevent trespassers from modifying kernel boot-up arguments which allows them to have root user access
**Read [[#How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu]]
*Ensure history listing is disabled in Console mode
**To prevent trespassers from seeing previously issued commands
**Read [[#How to disable history listing in Console mode]]
*Ensure Ctrl+Alt+Del is disabled in Console mode
**To prevent trespassers from restarting the system without permission in Console mode
**Read [[#How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode]]
*Ensure interactive option is set for remove, copy and move of files/folders in Console mode
**To prevent accidental removal/overwritten of files/folders
**Read [[#How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode]]
*For day to day usage, login as a normal user
**To prevent accidental deletion/modification of system files/folders
**Read [[#How to add/edit/delete system users]]
*Disable root user account, use "sudo" instead
**To reduce the amount of time spent with root privileges, and thus the risk of inadvertently executing a command as root
**"sudo" provides a more useful audit trail (/var/log/auth.log)
**Read [[#How to disable root user account]]
*Install a Firewall
**A firewall does not guarantee security but it is in most environments the first line of defense against network based attacks
**Read [[#How to install Firewall (Firestarter)]]
*Perform vulnerability test
**Nessus is a great tool designed to automate the testing and discovery of known security problems
**Read [[#How to install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus)]]

==== How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

grub

grub> md5crypt
Password: ****** (ubuntu)
Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)
grub> quit

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this section

...
## password ['--md5'] passwd
# If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing
# control (menu entry editor and command-line) and entries protected by the
# command 'lock'
# e.g. password topsecret
# password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
# password topsecret
...

*Add the following line below it

password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)

*Find this section

...
title Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro single
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386
savedefault
boot
...

*Replace with the following lines

#title Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
#root (hd0,1)
#kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro single
#initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386
#savedefault
#boot

*Save the edited file

==== How to disable history listing in Console mode ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

rm -f $HOME/.bash_history
touch $HOME/.bash_history
chmod 000 $HOME/.bash_history

==== How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /etc/inittab /etc/inittab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/inittab

*Find this line

...
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
...

*Replace with the following line

#ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

*Save the edited file

sudo telinit q

==== How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc_backup
sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

*Append the following lines at the end of file

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'

*Save the edited file

== Huoltotila ==

==== Kuinka to gain root user access without login ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Easiest method (will not work if GRUB menu password is set)
**Boot-up computer
**If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
**Select

Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)

**Press 'Enter' to boot
*Other methods
**Read [[#How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access]]
**Read [[#How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access]]

==== How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Boot-up computer
*If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
*If GRUB password is set, press 'p' to unlock the GRUB menu
*Select

Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386

*Press 'e' to edit the commands before booting
*Select

kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash

*Press 'e' to edit the selected command in the boot sequence
*Add "rw init=/bin/bash" to the end of the arguments

grub edit> kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash rw init=/bin/bash

*Press 'b' to boot

==== How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Boot-up computer into Ubuntu Installation CD
*At "boot:" prompt, add "rescue" to the argument

boot: rescue

*Follow the instructions on screen

==== How to change root user/main user password if forgotten ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to gain root user access without login]]
*To change root user password

# passwd root

*To change main user password

# passwd system_main_username

==== How to change GRUB menu password if forgotten ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

grub

grub> md5crypt
Password: ****** (ubuntu)
Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)
grub> quit

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
...

*Replace with the following line

password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)

*Save the edited file

==== How to restore GRUB menu after Windows installation ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda is the location of /boot partition''

# grub-install /dev/hda

==== How to add Windows entry into GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition''

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Append the following lines at the end of file

title Microsoft Windows
root (hd0,0)
savedefault
makeactive
chainloader +1

*Save the edited file

==== How to read Linux partitions (ext2, ext3) in Windows machine ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Download Explore2fs: [http://easylinux.info/uploads/explore2fs-1.07.zip Here]
:OR
*See [http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html www.fs-driver.org]

== Taikatemppuja ==

==== Kuinka GNOME pÃÂ¤ivitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n, ilman ettÃÂ¤ konetta kÃÂ¤ynnistetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n uudestaan ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Save and close all opened applications

Press 'Ctrl + Alt + Backspace'

:or

sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart

==== Kuinka to turn on Num Lock on GNOME startup ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install numlockx
sudo cp /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default_backup
sudo gedit /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default

*Find this line

...
exit 0

*Add the following lines above it

if [ -x /usr/bin/numlockx ]; then
/usr/bin/numlockx on
fi

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

==== How to run programs on startup when login into GNOME ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Preferences -> Sessions
*Sessions

Startup Programs Tab -> Add/Edit/Delete

==== Kuinka to speed-up your Ubuntu box ====

*Read the following post: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=189192

==== Kuinka to switch to PÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤temodeen GNOMEssa ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To switch to Console mode

Press 'Ctrl + Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)

*To switch between consles in Console mode

Press 'Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)

*To switch back to GNOME mode

Press 'Alt + F7'

==== Kuinka estÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ Ctrl+Alt+Backspace kÃÂ¤ynnistÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤stÃÂ¤ X-palvelinta uudestaan (Gnomessa) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

Section "ServerFlags"
Option "DontZap" "yes"
EndSection

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

==== Kuinka Ctrl+Alt+Del asetetaan avaamaan System Monitor (Gnomessa) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/global_keybindings/run_command_9 "<Control><Alt>Delete"
gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/keybinding_commands/command_9 "gnome-system-monitor"

==== Kuinka Gnome-tyÃÂ¶pÃÂ¶ytÃÂ¤ pÃÂ¤ivitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

killall nautilus

==== Kuinka to refresh GNOME panel ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

killall gnome-panel

==== Kuinka Gedit-editorissa otetaan automaattinen tallennus kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶ÃÂ¶n ja poistetaan varmuuskopioiden ottaminen====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> create_backup_copy ('''Unchecked''')
/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> auto_save ('''Checked''')

==== Kuinka Nautilus saadaan nÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n kÃÂ¤tketyt tiedostot ja kansiot====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Places -> Home Folder
*To temporary show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus

Press 'Ctrl + H'

*To permanently show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus

Edit Menu -> Preferences

Views Tab -> Default View -> Show hidden and backup files ('''Checked''')

==== Kuinka tiedostoja selataan Nautiluksen avulla pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤nÃÂ¤====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To install File Browser (Root)

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nautilus-root.desktop

**Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=File Browser (Root)
Comment=Browse the filesystem with the file manager
Exec=gksudo "nautilus --browser %U"
Icon=file-manager
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;

**Save the edited file
**Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]

*To browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus
**Applications -> System Tools -> File Browser (Root)

==== Kuinka vaihdetaan tiedostotyypin avaavaa oletusohjelmaa ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

Right click on file -> '''Properties'''

Open With Tab -> Add
Select "Open with" program

Select "Open with" program ('''Checked''')

==== Kuinka sÃÂ¤hkÃÂ¶postiohjelmaoletus vaihdetaan Mozilla Thunderbird-ohjelmaksi ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird)]]
*System -> Preferences -> Preferred Applications
*Preferred Applications

Mail Reader Tab -> Default Mail Reader -> Command: mozilla-thunderbird %s

==== Kuinka oikea hiirinÃÂ¤ppÃÂ¤in saadaan avaamaan tiedostot pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤nÃÂ¤ ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

gedit $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root

*Insert the following lines into the new file

for uri in $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS; do
gksudo "gnome-open $uri" &
done

*Save the edited file

chmod +x $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root

Right click on file -> Scripts -> Open as root

==== Kuinka pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤tteen ÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤nimerkki otetaan pois pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ltÃÂ¤ ====
Not for Dapper---- firingstone
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal
*Terminal

Edit Menu -> Current Profile...

General Tab -> General -> Terminal bell (Un-Checked)

==== Kuinka to handle mss protocol in Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install VLC Multimedia Player with plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]
<br>
* Open your firefox.
* Type as url: about:config
Now just right click somewhere into the main window. A little box with options to choose will appear. Choose '''"new"''', then '''"string"'''. Then copy the following line into the appearing text field:

network.protocol-handler.app.mms

Into the next text field copy this:

/usr/bin/X11/vlc

Now you do the same thing again, but this time you do not choose "string" but '''"boolean"''', and the line to copy is:

network.protocol-handler.external.mms

Then set

true

==== Kuinka to handle rtsp (realmedia) protocol in Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Player (RealPlayer 10)]]
<br>
* Open your firefox.
* Type as url: about:config
Now just right click somewhere into the main window. A little box with options to choose will appear. Choose '''"new"''', then '''"string"'''. Then copy the following line into the appearing text field:

network.protocol-handler.app.rtsp

Into the next text field copy this:

/usr/bin/X11/realplay

Now you do the same thing again, but this time you do not choose "string" but '''"boolean"''', and the line to copy is:

network.protocol-handler.external.rtsp

Then set

true

==== Kuinka Mozilla Firefox saadaan lataamaan sivu nopeammin ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
*Mozilla Firefox

Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: ->
network.dns.disableIPv6 -> true
network.http.pipelining -> true
network.http.pipelining.maxrequests -> 8
network.http.proxy.pipelining -> true

*Restart Mozilla Firefox

==== Kuinka to disable beep sound for link find function in Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
*Mozilla Firefox

Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: -> accessibility.typeaheadfind.enablesound -> false

*Restart Mozilla Firefox

==== Yksinkertainen pakettienhallinta (Synaptic) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager
*To enable the extra Universe and Multiverse repositories
*#Settings -> Repositories
*#In the Installation Media tab, click Add. There are three separate repositories; Dapper Drake, Security Updates and Updates. Select each repository and check Officially supported, Restricted copyright, Community maintained (Universe) and Non-free (Multiverse). Ensure you click OK between each repository to save your changes
*#You should now see those three repositories under Channels. Make sure Officially supported, Restricted copyright, Community maintained (Universe) and Non-free (Multiverse) appears under each repository

*To add backports and PLF (new versions of many applications. Unsupported. May contain illegal packages. Use at own risk.)
*#Settings -> Repositories
*#Click on Add and then Custom
*#Paste the following four lines into the box and click Add Repository, one line at a time:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-free

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu dapper-commercial main

* PÃÂ¤ivitÃÂ¤ pakettiluettelo (vastaa komentorivin komentoa: apt-get update)

Edit Menu -> Reload Package Information

* Asenna kaikki mahdolliset pÃÂ¤ivitykset (vastaa komentorivin komentoa: apt-get upgrade)

Edit Menu -> Mark All Upgrades... -> Default Upgrade
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes

* Etsi pakettia (vastaa komentorivin komentoa: apt-cache search paketin_nimi)

Edit Menu -> Search... anna paketin nimi

* Asenna valitsemasi paketti (vastaa komentorivin komentoa: apt-get install paketin_nimi)

Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes

*Poista valitsemasi paketti (vastaa komentorivin komentoa: apt-get remove paketin_nimi)

Select "package_name"
Package Menu -> Mark for Removal
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes

==== MitÃÂ¤ paketteja ylimÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤rÃÂ¤isissÃÂ¤ pakettivarastoissa on? ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)]]

* The [http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf/ PLF repository] provides
*# DVD playback support (libdvdcss2)
*# Skype
*# Sun Java SDK (Software Development Kit) and JRE (Java Runtime Environment)
*# Opera Web browser
*# RealPlayer 10
*# Win32 binary multimedia codecs

==== Kuinka .deb-paketteja asennetaan tai poistetaan? ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To install .deb file

sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb

*To uninstall .deb file

sudo dpkg -r package_name

==== Kuinka to convert .rpm files to .deb files ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo alien package_file.rpm

==== Kuinka hakemiston kaikki tiedostot uudelleennimetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n kerralla ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To install "mvb" file name renamer

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/mvb_1.6.tgz
sudo tar zxvf mvb_1.6.tgz -C /usr/share/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/mvb_1.6/
sudo ln -fs /usr/share/mvb_1.6/mvb /usr/bin/mvb

*To rename all files in directory at once

mvb NEW_NAME

==== Kuinka hakemiston kaikkia kuvatiedostoja muokataan kerralla? ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To install bash batch image processing script
**Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install imagemagick
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/bbips.0.3.2.sh
sudo cp bbips.0.3.2.sh /usr/bin/bbips
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/bbips

*To manipulate all image files in directory at once

bbips

==== Kuinka jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤nlaajuisia ympÃÂ¤ristÃÂ¶muuttujia asetetaan? ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp -p /etc/profile /etc/profile_backup
sudo gedit /etc/profile

*Append the System-wide Environment Variables at the end of file
*Save the edited file

==== How to save "man" outputs into files ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

man command | col -b > file.txt

==== Kuinka GRUB-valikko piilotetaan? ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
#hiddenmenu
...

*Replace with the following line

hiddenmenu

*Save the edited file

==== Kuinka to change the timeout seconds for GRUB menu on boot-up ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
timeout 3
...

*Replace with the following line

timeout X_seconds

*Save the edited file

==== Kuinka vaihdetaan GRUB:n oletusarvoisesti kÃÂ¤ynnistÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤ jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤====

*Lue [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Etsi rivi

...
default 0
...

*Korvaa seuraavalla rivillÃÂ¤

default X_sequence

*Tallenna rivi

==== How to display Splash Image for GRUB menu on boot-up ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that hd0,1 is the location of Ubuntu boot partition''

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/ubuntu.xpm.gz
chmod 644 ubuntu.xpm.gz
sudo mkdir /boot/grub/images
sudo cp ubuntu.xpm.gz /boot/grub/images/
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this section

# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8)
# grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8),
# grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub
# and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/.
...

*Add the following line below it

splashimage (hd0,1)/boot/grub/images/ubuntu.xpm.gz

*Save the edited file

==== How to convert Wallpaper to Splash Image for GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that wallpaper.png is the Wallpaper to be converted to Splash Image''
:'' splashimage.xpm.gz is the Splash Image for GRUB menu''

convert -resize 640x480 -colors 14 wallpaper.png splashimage.xpm && gzip splashimage.xpm

*Read [[#How to display Splash Image for GRUB menu on boot-up]] (use splashimage.xpm.gz instead of ubuntu.xpm.gz)

==== Kuinka GRUB:n valikkoa muokataan nÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n vain yksi kernel ====

* Lue [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup-`date +%F`
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

* Etsi seuraava rivi:
...
# howmany=all
...

* Korvaa seuraavalla rivillÃÂ¤:

# howmany=1

Arvo 1 tarkoittaa, ettÃÂ¤ viimeisin kernel sÃÂ¤ilytetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n, arvo 2 sÃÂ¤ilyttÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ kaksi kerneliÃÂ¤ jne. ÃÂlÃÂ¤ poista merkkiÃÂ¤ #. Valikko pÃÂ¤ivittyy samalla kun jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n asennetaan seuraava uusi kernel, ei aikaisemmin.

* Tallenna muokkaamasi tiedosto

==== How to temporary skip boot-up services ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

Press 'Ctrl + C'

==== Kuinka to muokataan automaattisesti kÃÂ¤ynnistyviÃÂ¤ palvelimia====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Boot-Up Manager (BUM)]]

==== Kuinka to clean /tmp/ folder contents on shutdown ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /etc/init.d/sysklogd /etc/init.d/sysklogd_backup
sudo gedit /etc/init.d/sysklogd

*Find this section

...
stop)
log_begin_msg "Stopping system log daemon..."
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --exec $binpath --pidfile $pidfile
log_end_msg $?
...

*Add the following line below it

rm -fr /tmp/* /tmp/.??*

*Save the edited file

==== How to scroll up and down to view previous outputs in Console mode ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To scroll up to view previously outputs

Press 'Shift + Page Up'

*To scroll down to view previously outputs

Press 'Shift + Page Down'

==== How to find out which version of Ubuntu I am using ====

cat /etc/issue

==== Automaattinen taustan muuttaminen (GNOME) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

mkdir ~/.backgrounds
cd ~/.backgrounds
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/change_background.py
chmod +x change_background.py

*Muuttaaksesi taustakuvan joka kÃÂ¤ynnistyksen yhteydessÃÂ¤
export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e

*LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ seuraava rivi tiedoston loppuun:
@reboot ~/.backgrounds/change_background.py

:LisÃÂ¤tietoja ajastetuista prosesseista (cronjob) saat:
man 5 crontab

* ~/.backgrounds is hidden directory, see [[#How to show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus]]
*Kopioi taustakuvatiedostot hakemistoon ~/.backgrounds

==== Kuinka KDE:n taustakuva saadaan vaihtumaan automaattisesti ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]

*Go to K-menu -> System Settings -> Desktop -> Background
*Choose Slide Show
*Press Setup...
*Press Add... to add pictures you wish to see as desktop background
*Set 'Change picture after' to desired picture rotation interval.
*Press 'OK'

==== How to add keyboard layouts for other languages ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]

*Go to System -> Preferences -> Keyboard
*Choose Layouts
*Press Add... to add the secondary keyboard layout. It is simpler to have two layouts; the maximum is currently four for Xorg.
*Choose Layout Options
*Expand option Group Shift/Lock behaviour
*Choose the key combination that enables you to switch between keyboard layouts. The default is by pressing both Alt keys at the same time. A common alternative is to use Alt+Shift.
*Press Close.

See [[#How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet]] to add the Keyboard Indicator applet.

==== How to add keyboard layouts toggle for other languages (Xfce) ====
*use <tt>*.lst</tt> files on <tt>/etc/X11/xkb/rules</tt> to select ''2nd_laguage_code''

setxkbmap -option grp:switch,grp:alt_shift,grp_led:scroll us,''2nd_laguage_code''

*you can add it to a startup file, which will be set to be executed on startup, with the following lines (remember to 'chmod +x' the file):

#!/bin/tcsh
setxkbmap -option grp:switch,grp:alt_shift,grp_led:scroll us,il

==== How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add keyboard layouts for other languages]]

*Right-click on empty space on the top panel so that you see the pop-up menu.
*Click Add to Panel...
*Choose Keyboard Indicator (it is under the Utilities section, at the end)

The Keyboard Indicator applet appears on the panel. The default language should be USA for U.S. English. You can either right-click on this applet for more options or see above on how to configure.

==== How to type extended characters ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add keyboard layouts for other languages]]
*Read [[#How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet]]

*Add the keyboard layout US English International (with dead keys)
*Make US English International (with dead keys) the default keyboard layout.

The key marked ['"] is now a dead key. When you press it, nothing happens. However if you press a consonant immediately afterwards, the consonant appears with an accent.
* ' + a = ÃÂ¡
* ' + e = ÃÂ©
* and so on for i-ÃÂ, o-ÃÂ³, y-ÃÂ½, c-ÃÂ, z-ÃÂº, n-ÃÂ, l-ÃÂº, u-ÃÂº, r-ÃÂ

* " + a = ÃÂ¤
* " + e = ÃÂ«
* and so on for y-ÃÂ¿, u-ÃÂ¼, i-ÃÂ¯, o-ÃÂ¶

Similarly, ` and a consonant generates ÃÂ , ÃÂ¨, ÃÂ¹, ÃÂ¬, ÃÂ².
Similarly, ~ and a consonant generates ÃÂ£, ÃÂ©, ÃÂ©, ÃÂµ, ÃÂ±.

To type ' and ", press RightAlt+' and RightAlt+" respectively.
To type ' and ", you may also press '+<space> and "+<space> respectively.

There are more characters available by keeping RightAlt pressed and typing a character. Therefore,
* RightAlt+q = ÃÂ¤
* RightAlt+w = ÃÂ¥
* RightAlt+e = ÃÂ©
* RightAlt+r = ÃÂ®
* RightAlt+t = ÃÂ¾
* RightAlt+y = ÃÂ¼
* RightAlt+u = ÃÂº
* RightAlt+i = ÃÂ
* RightAlt+o = ÃÂ³
* RightAlt+p = ÃÂ¶
* RightAlt+[ and ] for ÃÂ« and ÃÂ» respectively.
* RightAlt+a = ÃÂ¡
* RightAlt+s = ÃÂ
* RightAlt+d = ÃÂ°
* RightAlt+l = ÃÂ¸
* RightAlt+; = ÃÂ¶
* RightAlt+: = ÃÂ°
* RightAlt+z = ÃÂ¦
* RightAlt+c = ÃÂ©
* RightAlt+n = ÃÂ±
* RightAlt+m = ÃÂµ
* RightAlt+, = ÃÂ§
* RightAlt+/ = ÃÂ¿

* RightAlt+1 = ÃÂ¡
* RightAlt+2 = ÃÂ²
* RightAlt+3 = ÃÂ³
* RightAlt+4 = ÃÂ¤
* RightAlt+5 = Ã¢ÂÂ¬
* RightAlt+6 = ÃÂ¼
* RightAlt+7 = ÃÂ½
* RightAlt+8 = ÃÂ¾
* RightAlt+9 = Ã¢ÂÂ
* RightAlt+0 = Ã¢ÂÂ
* RightAlt+- = ÃÂ¥
* RightAlt+= = ÃÂ

* RightAlt+! = ÃÂ¹
* RightAlt+@, then o = ÃÂ (and ÃÂ).
* RightAlt+#, then a = ÃÂ (and ÃÂ). Similarly for ÃÂÃÂ, ÃÂ«ÃÂª, ÃÂ«ÃÂª, ÃÂÃÂ.
* RightAlt+$ = ÃÂ£
* RightAlt+% =
* RightAlt+^ =
* RightAlt+& =
* RightAlt+*, then a = ÃÂ (and ÃÂ). Similarly for ÃÂÃÂ, ÃÂ¯ÃÂ®.
* RightAlt+(, then a = ÃÂ (and ÃÂ)
* RightAlt+(, then g = ÃÂ (and ÃÂ)
* RightAlt+), then a = ÃÂ¥ (and ÃÂ)
* RightAlt+_ =
* RightAlt++ = ÃÂ·

==== How to set the Compose key to type special characters ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add keyboard layouts for other languages]]
*Read [[#How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet]]

*Click '''System''', '''Preferences''', '''Keyboard'''.
*Under '''Layout Options''', expand on '''Compose key position'''.
*Choose '''Right-Win key is compose''', click Close.

Now you can type extended characters using the RightWin key (next to AltGr), according to [http://cvs.gnome.org/viewcvs/gtk%2B/gtk/gtkimcontextsimple.c?view=markup this keyboard settings file].
Specifically, the lines that start with ''GDK_Multi_key'' are those that we can use here. The '''Compose''' key is actually '''GDK_Multi_key'''.

Some examples,
*RightWin + C + = produces Ã¢ÂÂ¬
*RightWin + = + C produces Ã¢ÂÂ¬
*RightWin + C + O produces ÃÂ©
*RightWin + O + C produces ÃÂ©
*RightWin + a + ' produces ÃÂ¡
*RightWin + a + " produces ÃÂ¤
*RightWin + a + ` produces ÃÂ
*RightWin + a + ~ produces ÃÂ£
*RightWin + a + * produces ÃÂ¥
*RightWin + a + ^ produces ÃÂ¢
*RightWin + a + > produces ÃÂ¢
*RightWin + a + , produces ÃÂ
*RightWin + e + - produces ÃÂ
*RightWin + S + 1 produces ÃÂ¹
*RightWin + S + 2 produces ÃÂ²
*RightWin + S + 3 produces ÃÂ³

==== How to install ubuntu-title font used in Ubuntu logo ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
sudo apt-get install ttf-ubuntu-title
Now you can use this font in your favorite applications

== PalvelinkÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶==

=== AntiVirus Server ===

==== How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install clamav

==== Kuinka virustietokannat pÃÂ¤ivitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n kÃÂ¤sin ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server]]

sudo freshclam

==== Kuinka tarkastetaan tiedostoja/kansioita virusten varalta kÃÂ¤sin====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server]]

sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders

==== Kuinka tarkastetaan tiedostoja/kansioita virusten varalta automaattisesti====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server]]

:''e.g. Automatically scan files/folders for viruses at midnight everyday''
:'' * * * * * means minute hour date month year''

export EDITOR=gedit && sudo crontab -e

*Append the following line at the end of file

00 00 * * * sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders

*Tallenna muuttamasi tiedosto

=== Kirjoitinpalvelin (cupsd)===
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

==== Kuinka cupsd asemmetaam====

:''Cupsd should be automatically installed during standard instaltion. Checkout if there is a file "/etc/init.d/cupsys". If you want to manually install it, do''

sudo apt-get install cupsys*

==== Kuinka kirjoitin lisÃÂ¤tÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n====

:'' In gnome click on "System/Administration/Printing. And choose "Add printer". A "add printer wizard" should start and tell you what to do.''

==== Kuinka tulostat toiselta Ubuntu-koneelta toisen Ubuntun kirjoittimeen ====

*Varmista, ettÃÂ¤ kirjoitin on oikein konfiguroitu

*Server ip address: 192.168.0.1
*Client ip address: 192.168.0.23

**Palvelimen konfigurointi

sudo cp /etc/cups/cupsd.conf /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.backup
sudo gedit /etc/cups/cupsd.conf

:''etsi osa''

<Location />
...
Allow localhost
...
</Location>

:'' lisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ siihen seuraava rivi.''

Allow 192.168.0.23

:''KÃÂ¤ynnistÃÂ¤ cups uudestaan.''
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

**Asiakkaan konfigurointi

sudo cp /etc/cups/client.conf /etc/cups/client.conf.backup
sudo gedit /etc/cups/client.conf

:''LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ seuraava rivi''

ServerName 192.168.0.1

:''KÃÂ¤ynnistÃÂ¤ cups uudestaan''
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

:''Kokeile komentoa "lpq". Jotain seuraavantapaista pitÃÂ¤isi tulla nÃÂ¤kyviin''

vitek@lightfox:~$ lpq
HPLJ6P is ready
no entries

==== Kuinka tulostat Windows-koneelta Ubuntun kirjoittimeen ====
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service ]]
*Read [[#How to print on remote Ubuntu machine via samba]]

=== Samba-palvelin===

==== Kuinka asentaa Samba Serverin tiedostoille/kansioille sharing service ====

sudo apt-get install samba smbfs

==== Kuinka verkon kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jiÃÂ¤ muokataan ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]
*To add network user
**Read [[#How to add/edit/delete system users]]

sudo smbpasswd -a system_username
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smbusers

**LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ seuraavat rivit tiedostoon ja tallenna

system_username = "network username"

*To edit network user

sudo smbpasswd -a system_username

*To delete network user

sudo smbpasswd -x system_username

==== Kuinka kotikansio jaetaan antaen vain lukuoikeus (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Etsi tÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤ rivi

...
; security = user
...

*ja korvaa se seuraavilla riveillÃÂ¤ ja tallenna

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*lue [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== Kuinka kotikansio jaetaan antaen sekÃÂ¤ luku- ettÃÂ¤ kirjoitusoikeus (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Etsi tÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤ rivi

...
; security = user
...

*ja korvaa se tÃÂ¤llÃÂ¤ ja tallenna

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Etsi tÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤ osa:

...
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
writable = no
...

*Muuta writable-asetus:

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
writable = yes

*Tallenna muokkaamasi tiedosto
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share group folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/group
sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[Group]
comment = Group Folder
path = /home/group
public = yes
writable = no
valid users = system_username1 system_username2
create mask = 0700
directory mask = 0700
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== Kuinka to share group folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/group
sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Etsi tÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤ rivi

...
; security = user
...

*ja korvaa se tÃÂ¤llÃÂ¤

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[Group]
comment = Group Folder
path = /home/group
public = yes
writable = yes
valid users = system_username1 system_username2
create mask = 0700
directory mask = 0700
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== Kuinka to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = no
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== Kuinka to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = yes
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== Kuinka to share public kansiot with read only permission (Authentication=No) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following line

security = share

*Append the following lines at the end of file JA tallenna

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = no
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*lisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤tteeseen

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== Kuinka to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=No) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following line

security = share

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = yes
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Tallenna

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== Kuinka tulostaan samban kautta toisella Ubuntu-koneella====
*Lue [[#Print Server (cupsd)]]
*Varmista, ettÃÂ¤ printterisi on konfiguroitu oikein

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.backup
gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

:''Etsi seuraavat rivit''

...
# printing = cups
# printcap name = cups
...

:'' ja poista #-merkki niiden alusta.''
printing = cups
printcap name = cups

:''KÃÂ¤ynnistÃÂ¤ cups-palvelin uudestaan''
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

:'' Nyt tulostimet toimivat Ubuntussasi, kone pitÃÂ¤isi lÃÂ¶ytyÃÂ¤ samban kautta.''

=== SSH Serveri ===

==== Kuinka asentaa SSH Server for remote administration service ====

sudo apt-get install ssh

==== Kuinka to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

ssh username@192.168.0.1

==== Kuinka to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (scp) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt''
:'' Local machine save location: . (current directory)''

scp -r username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .

==== Kuinka to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (scp) ====

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Local files/folders location: localfile.txt''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/''

scp -r localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/

==== Kuinka to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (rsync) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt''
:'' Local machine save location: . (current directory)''

rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .

==== Kuinka to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (rsync) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Local files/folders location: localfile.txt''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/''

rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/

==== Kuinka liitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n toisen koneen kansioita paikalliseen Ubuntu-jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n (sshfs) ====

*Lue [[#General Notes]]

:'' TÃÂ¤ssÃÂ¤ oletetaan, ettÃÂ¤ etÃÂ¤koneelle on asennettu SSH-palvelin''
:'' Lue [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' EtÃÂ¤kone: 192.168.0.1''
:'' EtÃÂ¤koneen kansio: /media/music''

*Asennetaan sshfs

sudo apt-get install sshfs

*Ladataan kernel-ajuri sshfs-tiedostojÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ varten

sudo modprobe fuse

*PysyvÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶ÃÂ¤ varten lisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ 'fuse' /etc/modules -tiedoston loppuun

sudo gedit /etc/modules

*LiitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤ ryhmÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n 'fuse'

sudo adduser your_user_name fuse

*Luodaan hakemisto, johon etÃÂ¤koneen kansio liitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n

mkdir ~/remote_music

*LiitetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n kansio hakemistoon ~/remote_music

sshfs 192.168.0.1:/media/music ~/remote_music

==== How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''

*Download PuTTY: [http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.exe Here]

==== How to copy files/folders from/into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''

*Download FileZilla: [http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/filezilla/FileZilla_2_2_18_setup.exe?download Here]

==== Kuinka asetaan kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤t, jotka voivat kirjautua ssh:n kautta sisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n====

*Lue [[#General Notes]]

:'' Jos otat SSH-palvelimen kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶ÃÂ¶n, voi oletuksena kuka tahansa kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤ kirjautua sisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n etÃÂ¤kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤nÃÂ¤''
:'' TÃÂ¤stÃÂ¤ voi aiheutua turvallisuusongelmia, koska on olemassa vÃÂ¤lineitÃÂ¤, joiden avulla
:'' yritetÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n ohjelmallisesti etsiÃÂ¤ yleisiÃÂ¤ kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤tunnus-salasana -yhdistelmiÃÂ¤.''

*Tee aluksi varmuuskopio ssh-palvelimen asetustiedostosta
''sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.VARMUUSKOPIO''
*Muokkaa asetustiedostoa
''sudo gedit /etc/ssh/sshd_config''
*Muuta asetus ''PermitRootLogin'' (alunperin ''yes'') arvoon''no''. PÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤ ei saa kirjautua etÃÂ¤kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤nÃÂ¤ sisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n.
*LisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ parametri ''AllowUsers'' ja anna pilkulla erotettuna luettelo kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jistÃÂ¤, jotka saavat kirjautua sisÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n ssh:n kautta
*Voit myÃÂ¶s kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ asetusta ''DenyUsers'' tarkkaa kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤jÃÂ¤oikeuksien sÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤tÃÂ¤mistÃÂ¤ varten.
*Jos otat openssh-palvelimen kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶ÃÂ¶n, ettÃÂ¤ halua toistaiseksi sallia etÃÂ¤yhteyksiÃÂ¤, voit lisÃÂ¤tÃÂ¤ sanat ''AllowUsers nosuchuserhere'' estÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ksesi kaikkia kirjautumasta.

=== DHCP Server ===

==== How to install DHCP Server for automatic IP addresses assignment ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

:''e.g. Assumed that "eth0" is the interface for network card''
:'' IP Address Range: 192.168.0.100 to 192.168.0.200''
:'' Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0''
:'' DNS Servers: 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5''
:'' Domains: tm.net.my''
:'' Gateway Address: 192.168.0.1''

sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server
sudo cp /etc/default/dhcp3-server /etc/default/dhcp3-server_backup
sudo gedit /etc/default/dhcp3-server

*Find this line

...
INTERFACES=""

*Replace with the following line

INTERFACES="eth0"

*Save the edited file

sudo cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf

*Find this section

...
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
...

*Replace with the following lines

# option definitions common to all supported networks...
#option domain-name "example.org";
#option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

#default-lease-time 600;
#max-lease-time 7200;

*Find this section

...
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
# range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
# option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
# option domain-name "internal.example.org";
# option routers 10.5.5.1;
# option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
# default-lease-time 600;
# max-lease-time 7200;
#}
...

*Replace with the following lines

# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.0.100 192.168.0.200;
option domain-name-servers 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5;
option domain-name "tm.net.my";
option routers 192.168.0.1;
option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
}

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart

=== Database Server ===

==== How to install MYSQL Database Server ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

*MySQL initially only allows connections from the localhost (127.0.0.1). We'll need to remove that restriction if you wish to make it accessible to everyone on the internet. Open the file /etc/mysql/my.cnf

sudo gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf

*Find the line ''bind-address = 127.0.0.1'' and comment it out

...
#bind-address = 127.0.0.1
...

*MySQL comes with no root password as default. This is a huge security risk. You'll need to set one. So that the local computer gets root access as well, you'll need to set a password for that too. The local-machine-name is the name of the computer you're working on. For more information see [http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/default-privileges.html here]

mysqladmin -u root password your-new-password
mysqladmin -h root@local-machine-name -u root password your-new-password
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

==== How to install MYSQL Administrator ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install MYSQL Database Server]]

sudo apt-get install mysql-admin

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> MySQL Administrator

=== Apache HTTP Serveri ===

====Kuinka asentaa Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install apache2

*http://localhost

==== Kuinka asentaa PHP-tuki Apache HTTP -palvelimeen ====
===== Kuinka PHP4 asennetaan =====

*Lue [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

sudo apt-get install php4
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php4
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*Kokeile onko php4 asennettu oikein

sudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php

*Kirjoita seuraava rivi uuteen tiedostoon

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

*Tallenna tiedosto
*http://localhost/testphp.php
*Muista poistaa kokeilutiedosto jÃÂ¤lkikÃÂ¤teen, se voi olla turvallisuusriski

===== Kuinka PHP5 asennetaan =====

*Lue [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

sudo apt-get install php5
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*Kokeile onko php4 asennettu oikein

sudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php

*Kirjoita seuraava rivi uuteen tiedostoon

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

*Tallenna tiedosto
*http://localhost/testphp.php
*Muista poistaa kokeilutiedosto jÃÂ¤lkikÃÂ¤teen, se voi olla turvallisuusriski

==== Kuinka MYSQL asennetaan Apache-palvelinta varten====

*Lue [[#General Notes]]
*Lue [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Lue [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]
*Lue [[#How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server]]
*Lue [[#How to install MYSQL Database Server]]

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql

*Valitse joko php4-mysql tai php5-mysql riippuen siitÃÂ¤, minkÃÂ¤ php-version olet asentanut jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤si

sudo apt-get install php<version-number>-mysql
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin

*Jotta php toimisi yhdessÃÂ¤ MySQL-tietokannan kanssa, avaa tiedosto (korvaa <version> numerolla 4 tai 5 riippuen php:n versiosta)

sudo gedit /etc/php<version>/apache2/php.ini

*Ota pois kommenttimerkki (#) rivin ";extension=mysql.so" alusta. Nyt rivin pitÃÂ¤isi nÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ tÃÂ¤ltÃÂ¤:

...
extension=mysql.so
...

*Tallenna tiedosto ja poistu

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*http://localhost/phpmyadmin

==== Kuinka annetaan URL kansiolle, joka ei sijaitse kansiossa /var/www/ ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

sudo gedit /etc/apache2/conf.d/alias

*LiitÃÂ¤ seuraavat rivit uuteen tiedostoon:

Alias /URL-path /location_of_folder/

<Directory /location_of_folder/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>

*Tallenna muokkaamasi tiedosto ja kÃÂ¤ynnistÃÂ¤ apache uudestaan

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*http://localhost/URL-path

==== Kuinka muuttaa oletusporttinumeroa Apache-palvelimessa ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

:''oletetaan, ettÃÂ¤ uusi portti on 78''

sudo cp /etc/apache2/ports.conf /etc/apache2/ports.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apache2/ports.conf

*Etsi tÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤ rivi

Listen 80

*Korvaa seuraavalla rivillÃÂ¤

Listen 78

*Tallenna muokkaamasi tiedosto

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*http://localhost:78

==== Kuinka parse RSS into PHP for Apache HTTP Server ====

*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]
*Read [[#How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server]]

:''e.g. Assumed that RSS is DistroWatch.com - News''

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz
sudo mkdir /var/www/feeds
sudo tar zxvf magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz -C /var/www/feeds/
sudo mv /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/* /var/www/feeds/
sudo rm -fr /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/
sudo chown -R www-data:root /var/www/feeds/
sudo gedit /var/www/feeds/index.php

*Insert the following lines into the new file

<nowiki>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">

<head>

<title>DistroWatch.com - News</title>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/>

<style type="text/css">
/*<![CDATA[*/
/*
DEFAULT TAG STYLES
*/

body {
background: #ffffff;
margin-left: 20px;
font-family: bitstream vera sans,sans-serif;
font-size: 9pt;
}

h1 {
font-family: luxi sans,sans-serif;
font-size: 15pt;
}

/*]]>*/
</style>

</head>

<body>

<?php

require_once 'rss_fetch.inc';
error_reporting(E_ERROR);

$url = 'http://distrowatch.com/news/dw.xml';
$rss = fetch_rss($url);

if ($rss) {

echo "<h1>";
echo "<a href=$url>", $rss->channel[title], "</a><br/>";
echo "</h1>";

foreach ($rss->items as $item ) {
$url = $item[link];
$title = $item[title];
$description = $item[description];
echo "<li>";
echo "<b>Topic:</b> <a href=$url><b><u>$title</u></b></a><br/><br/>";
echo "$description<br/><br/>";
echo "</li>";
}

}
else {
echo "<a href=$url>", $url, "</a> - Server Down!<br/>";
}

?>

</body>

</html>
</nowiki>

*Save the edited file
*http://localhost/feeds/index.php

=== FTP-palvelin ===

==== Kuinka asennetaan ftp-palvelin tiedostonsiirtoa varten====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install proftpd

==== How to configure FTP user to be "jailed" (chrooted) into their home directory ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Find this section

...
DenyFilter \*.*/
...

*Add the following line below it

DefaultRoot ~

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read only ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

<Anonymous ~ftp>
User ftp
Group nogroup
UserAlias anonymous ftp
DirFakeUser on ftp
DirFakeGroup on ftp
RequireValidShell off
MaxClients 10
DisplayLogin welcome.msg
DisplayFirstChdir .message
<Directory *>
<Limit WRITE>
DenyAll
</Limit>
</Directory>
</Anonymous>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read/write ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

<Anonymous ~ftp>
User ftp
Group nogroup
UserAlias anonymous ftp
DirFakeUser on ftp
DirFakeGroup on ftp
RequireValidShell off
MaxClients 10
DisplayLogin welcome.msg
DisplayFirstChdir .message
</Anonymous>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to map anonymous FTP user to folders outside /home/ftp/ ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

<Anonymous /location_of_folder/>
User ftp
Group nogroup
UserAlias anonymous ftp
DirFakeUser on ftp
DirFakeGroup on ftp
RequireValidShell off
MaxClients 10
DisplayLogin welcome.msg
DisplayFirstChdir .message
<Directory *>
<Limit WRITE>
DenyAll
</Limit>
</Directory>
</Anonymous>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to change the default port number for FTP Server ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new port number is 77''

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Find this line

Port 21

*Replace with the following line

Port 77

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to ftp into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed FTP Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]''

*Download FileZilla: [http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/filezilla/FileZilla_2_2_18_setup.exe?download Here]

=== Streaming Media Server ===

==== How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

:''e.g. /var/music/ is the directory containing multimedia files''

sudo apt-get install gnump3d

*http://localhost:8888

==== How to change the default directory containing multimedia files for GNUMP3d ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new directory containing multimedia files is /home/music/''

sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf

*Find this line

root = /var/music

*Replace with the following line

root = /home/music

*Find this line

user = gnump3d

*Replace with the following line

user = root

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart

*http://localhost:8888

==== How to change the default port number for GNUMP3d ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new port number is 7878''

sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf

*Find this line

port = 8888

*Replace with the following line

port = 7878

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart

*http://localhost:7878

=== Image Gallery Server ===

*For a comparison between Gallery1 and Gallery2 see [http://codex.gallery2.org/index.php/G1-G2_Comparison here]

==== Gallery1 ====

===== How to install Gallery1 for Image Gallery Server service =====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]
*Read [[#How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server]]

sudo apt-get install gallery (when prompted to restart Apache, choose No or Cancel)
sudo apt-get install imagemagick
sudo apt-get install jhead
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-progs
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
sudo sh /usr/share/gallery/configure.sh

*http://localhost/gallery/setup/index.php
*Gallery Configuration

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 1
Next Step ->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 2
General settings Tab ->
Admin password: Specify the password

Locations and URLs Tab ->
Album directory: /var/www/albums/
Temporary directory: /tmp/
Gallery URL: http://localhost/gallery
Albums URL: http://localhost/albums
Next Step -->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 3
Next Step -->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 4
Save Config ->

*http://localhost/gallery/albums.php

===== How to configure Gallery1 to be accessible via Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP) =====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Gallery1 for Image Gallery Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network and internet connections have been configured properly''
:'' Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP): http://www.url.com''

sudo cp /etc/gallery/config.php /etc/gallery/config.php_backup
sudo gedit /etc/gallery/config.php

*Find this section

...
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://localhost/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://localhost/albums";
...

*Replace with the following lines

$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://www.url.com/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://www.url.com/albums";

*Save the edited file
*http://www.url.com/gallery/albums.php

===== How to configure Gallery1 to be accessible via LAN (dynamic IP) =====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Gallery1 for Image Gallery Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' LAN (dynamic IP): 192.168.0.1''

sudo cp /etc/gallery/config.php /etc/gallery/config.php_backup
sudo gedit /etc/gallery/config.php

*Find this section

...
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://localhost/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://localhost/albums";
...

*Replace with the following lines

$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "/albums";

*Save the edited file
*http://192.168.0.1/gallery/albums.php

===== How to backup/restore Gallery1 data =====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To backup Gallery data

sudo tar zcvf gallery.tgz /var/www/albums/ /etc/gallery/

*To restore Gallery data

sudo tar zxvf gallery.tgz -C /

==== Gallery2 ====
===== How to install Gallery2 =====
===== How to configure Gallery2 =====

== Ongelmanratkontaa ==

==== Configuring network interfaces... (taking too long to load) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to temporary skip boot-up services]]

==== Synchronizing clock to ntp.ubuntulinux.org... (taking too long to load) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to temporary skip boot-up services]]
*Read [[#How to permanently disable/enable boot-up services]]

service_name = ntpdate

==== How to disable system time/date from being reset to UTC (GMT) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /etc/default/rcS /etc/default/rcS_backup
sudo gedit /etc/default/rcS

*Find this line

...
UTC=yes
...

*Replace with the following line

UTC=no

*Save the edited file
*System -> Administration -> Time and Date

Set the correct time/date

sudo /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh restart

==== Kuinka gonfiriguoida ÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤net toimimaan properly in GNOME ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo killall esd
sudo cp /etc/esound/esd.conf /etc/esound/esd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/esound/esd.conf

*Find this section

...
auto_spawn=0
spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 5
...

*Korvaa seuraavilla riveillÃÂ¤.

auto_spawn=1
spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 2 -d default

*tallenna muokattu tiedosto

sudo apt-get install libesd-alsa0
sudo gedit /etc/asound.conf

*Insert the following lines into the new file

pcm.card0 {
type hw
card 0
}

pcm.!default {
type plug
slave.pcm "dmixer"
}

pcm.dmixer {
type dmix
ipc_key 1025
slave {
pcm "hw:0,0"
period_time 0
period_size 2048
buffer_size 32768
rate 48000
}
bindings {
0 0
1 1
}
}

*Tallenna muokattu tiedosto

sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/libesd.so.0 /usr/lib/libesd.so.1

System -> Preferences -> Sound
Sound preferences

General Tab -> Sounds for events '''(Un-Checked)'''

*Save and close all opened applications, Reboot computer

==== Kuinka pakottaa roskakori tyhjenemÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n GNOME:ssa ====

sudo rm -fr $HOME/.Trash/

==== How to remove duplicate menu/menu items in GNOME ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

rm -f $HOME/.config/menus/applications.menu

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]

==== Kuinka pÃÂ¤ivittÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ Sijainnit-valikko GNOME:ssa (jos /media/ kansioon /etc/fstab:ssa liitetty sisÃÂ¤ltÃÂ¶ ei tule nÃÂ¤kyviin) ====

sudo /etc/init.d/dbus-1 restart

==== How to consume static (not dhcp) wireless LAN (WLAN) connection (KDE) ====
*I assume you have successfully consumed WLAN connection in Windows

*To enable the network device please follow the following steps
*Go to K-menu -> System Settings -> Network Settings
*Enable Administrator mode

*Select Network Interfaces tab and the wireless interface (usually ath0) to configure
*Click Configure Interface...
*Choose Manual or Automatic. Choose Manual
*Fill the preferred IP address to identify your computer and the netmask. Choose to activate when computer starts
*Click Advanced Settings to for more properties

*Select Routes tab and fill the gateway IP address
*Make sure you choose the correct device in the right dropdown (e.g. ath0)
*Click apply to commit all changes

*To choose wireless connection please follow the following steps
*Go to K-menu -> Internet -> Wireless Assistant
*Right click on preferred connection ssid
*Choose and complete fields for Manual connection
*Click Ok

*Create connection configuration

sudo gedit /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

*Insert the following lines into the new file

network={
ssid="YOUR_PREFERRED_CONNECTION_SSID"
scan_ssid=1
proto=WPA
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
psk="STRING_TO_GENERATE_PASSWORD"
#psk=123456789 #you have option to use connection key instead of connection password
}

*Save the edited file
*Create script to easily activate connection

sudo gedit /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh

*Insert the following lines into the new file

#! /bin/sh
# wifi: wpa_supplicant init
echo " * [Wifi]: Enabling WPA supplicant..."
if [ -x /sbin/wpa_supplicant ]; then
/sbin/wpa_supplicant -B -i ath0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -D madwifi -w
fi
exit 0

*Save the edited file
*Make sure both file readable and executable

sudo chmod +r /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh

*make wireless connection automaticaly starts when computer starts

sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/wifi_wpa.sh /etc/rcS.d/S40netwifiwpa

*Close all opened applications, Reboot computer

== Ubuntun pÃÂ¤ivitys ==

==== Kuinka pÃÂ¤ivittÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ Hoary Hedgehog -> Breezy Badger -> Dapper Drake ====

*Ensin tarkista ettÃÂ¤ jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤si on ajantasalla:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

*Jos sinulla ei ole CD:tÃÂ¤ saatavissa, tarkista, ettÃÂ¤ sinulla on kommentoitu (rivin edessÃÂ¤ on #-merkki) rivi joka sisÃÂ¤ltÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ cd-asemasi

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

'''/etc/apt/sources.list'''

''pÃÂ¤ivittÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ksesi breezyyn sources.list tulisi nÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ tÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤n tapaiselta:''

<nowiki>## Uncomment the following two lines to fetch updated software from the network</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted</nowiki>

<nowiki>## Uncomment the following two lines to fetch major bug fix updates produced</nowiki>
<nowiki>## after the final release of the distribution.</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted</nowiki>

<nowiki>## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'universe'</nowiki>
<nowiki>## repository.</nowiki>
<nowiki>## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu</nowiki>
<nowiki>## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to</nowiki>
<nowiki>## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in</nowiki>
<nowiki>## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security</nowiki>
<nowiki>## team.</nowiki><br/>
<nowiki>deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe</nowiki>

<nowiki>deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted</nowiki>

<nowiki>deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe</nowiki>
<nowiki>deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe</nowiki></div>

*PÃÂ¤ivittÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ksesi breezystÃÂ¤ dapperiin, korvaa (ctrl+h) vain kaikki 'breezy' kohdat 'dapper'iksi '/etc/apt/sources.list':issÃÂ¤

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

*Tallenna muokattu tiedosto
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
*Tallenna istunto, kÃÂ¤ynnistÃÂ¤ uudelleen ja nauti.

HUOM:
*EI ole suositeltavaa pÃÂ¤ivittÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ suoraan hoarysta dapperiin, pÃÂ¤ivitÃÂ¤ jÃÂ¤rjestyksessÃÂ¤: hoary->breezy->dapper

==== Kuinka pÃÂ¤ivittÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ Dapper Drake (6.06) Edgy Eftiksi (6.10)====

* '''Huomaathan ettÃÂ¤ Edgy Eft on vasta kehitysasteella joten sen kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶ÃÂ¤ ensisijaisena kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤nÃÂ¤ ei suositella. PÃÂ¤ivityksen jÃÂ¤lkeen jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤si voi siis olla epÃÂ¤vakaa tai olla toimimatta ollenkaan.'''

* Jos et ymmÃÂ¤rrÃÂ¤ mitÃÂ¤ teet - jÃÂ¤tÃÂ¤ tekemÃÂ¤ttÃÂ¤ ja odota viralliseen julkaisuun.

* Jos ymmÃÂ¤rrÃÂ¤t riskit ja silti tahdot koekÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ EdgyÃÂ¤, niin teet sen omalla vastuullasi

Ensin muutetaan pakettivarastot
gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Sen jÃÂ¤lkeen muuta ''dapper'' sanat ''edgy'':ksi.

* esim. jos sinulla on tÃÂ¤mÃÂ¤nnÃÂ¤kÃÂ¶inen sources.list

## peruspaketit
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse

## niiden sorsat
deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse

## backports
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse

* niin se vaihdetaan seuraavanlaiseksi

## peruspaketit
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

## niiden sorsat
deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

## backports
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

* Sen jÃÂ¤lkeen tehdÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n itse pÃÂ¤ivitys. VielÃÂ¤ voit siis perua, mitÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤n ei ole muutettu jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ssÃÂ¤si. Voit vaihtaa pakettivarastosi ennalleen kirjoittamalla
gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
* ja vaihtamalla ''edgy'':t ''dapper'':iksi. TakaisinpÃÂ¤in pÃÂ¤ivitys ei tule onnistumaan.

* Itse pÃÂ¤ivitys uusilla pakettivarastoilla tapahtuu kopioimalla yksi kerrallaan seuraavat rivit pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤tteeseen.
sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Sen jÃÂ¤lkeen kun kÃÂ¤ynnistÃÂ¤t jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤si uudestaan on kÃÂ¤yttÃÂ¶jÃÂ¤rjestelmÃÂ¤ johon kÃÂ¤ynnistÃÂ¤t ''Edgy Eft'', voi myÃÂ¶s olla ettei se enÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ kÃÂ¤ynnisty ollenkaan tai et pÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤se enÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ graafiseen tilaan.

== Poistetut aihepiirit ==

* (EnglanninkielisestÃÂ¤) oppaasta poistetut aiheet lÃÂ¶ydÃÂ¤t [http://linux.edu.lv/index.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=73 tÃÂ¤ÃÂ¤ltÃÂ¤].

==Muutamia linkkejÃÂ¤==
http://fi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ubuntu_tutuksi

http://wiki.linux.fi

http://tjaa.dy.fi/~linux

Ubuntu dapper fi - Revision history

CochiBasba at 20:58, 22 May 2009