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== Unofficial Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) Starter Guide ==
'''Ubuntu 6.06 (codenamed ''Dapper Drake'') was released in June 2006. It is no longer supported with security updates (as of June 2011). It is recommended to upgrade to [[#|the current version of Ubuntu]].'''

This guide can be discussed at the official [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=78 UbuntuGuide.org Forum] at ubuntuforums.org.

__TOC__

== Other Versions ==
*See [http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:All_Versions this complete list] of older and newer versions.

== General Notes ==
#This is an Unofficial Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) Starter Guide. It is not associated with Ubuntu and Canonical Ltd.
#This guide can be discussed at the official [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=78 UbuntuGuide.org Forum] at ubuntuforums.org. Stop by and join the discussion.
#This guide is tested on a full installation of the Ubuntu 6.06 x86 Install CD (Dapper Drake).
#If you see a bluish box, this means you have to execute the commands in Terminal mode (Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal) or use the content of that box as mentioned in some other instructions.
#To reduce typo mistakes, copy and paste the commands into the Terminal (right click on the commands -> "Copy" or "Paste". You can also use Ctrl+C to copy and Shift+Insert to paste it, or just highlight to copy and middle click to paste).
#'''sudo''' or '''gksudo''' means superuser do. '''sudo''' will prompt for "Password:". Please specify your user password.
#If you want more information about any command, simply look at the manual page for it using the '''man''' command. For example, '''man sudo''' will display the manual page for the '''sudo''' command.
#If you are tired of typing '''apt-get''' all the time, Read [[#How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)]].
#'''apt-get''' and '''wget''' require an Internet connection to install/update/download programs.
#To download a file, right click on the link -> Select "Save Link As..." -> Make sure file name and extension are correct
#If you wish to help translate Ubuntu to your native language or to help Ubuntu otherwise visit https://launchpad.net/
#May the "humanity to others" spirit be with you always...

:If you are using Kubuntu you don't need to install '''gedit''' anymore, because now there's a symbolic link from '''gedit''' to '''kate''', so you can use all the commands below with no problems. By the way, if you want to use gedit as your editor, do:

sudo apt-get install gedit

:If the "gedit" command (symbolic link) is not working, you could also create it:

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/kate /usr/bin/gedit

:''If you are using 64-bit version replace any "i386" with "amd64"''

== Getting Started ==

==== What is Ubuntu ====

*http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

==== What is new in Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake ====

* [http://www.ubuntu.com/download/releasenotes/606#head-5846ccc67329373a22b12f7a23a6addb0cd89cf4 6.06 Release Notes]
* [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=185721 Official Ubuntu 6.06 LTS Announcement]

==== Where to view Ubuntu screenshots / screencast ====
* http://shots.osdir.com/slideshows/slideshow.php?release=659&slide=4&title=ubuntu+6.06+screenshots
* http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=481&num=1
* [http://www.debianadmin.com/ubuntu-606-dapper-drake-lts-desktop-screenshots-tour.html Nice Ubuntu Screenshots Tour]
*[http://www.ubuntuvideo.com/ Ubuntu Video - linux videos for human beings]
:'''Videos'''
* http://osvids.com/files/page3-1034-pop.html
* http://osvids.com/files/page3-1035-pop.html
* http://osvids.com/files/page3-1036-pop.html

==== Where to view Kubuntu screenshots / screencast ====
* http://shots.osdir.com/slideshows/slideshow.php?release=662&slide=4&title=kubuntu+6.06+screenshots
* http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=320&num=1
* http://www.debianadmin.com/kubuntu-606-lts-desktop-screenshots.html

Kubuntu Installation Guide

* http://www.debianadmin.com/kubuntu-606-lts-installation-with-screenshots.html

:'''Videos'''
http://osvids.com/files/page3-108-pop.html

==== Where to find a list of all the programs and libraries that come with Ubuntu ====

*Result of dpkg -l: [http://packages.ubuntu.com/dapper/allpackages.en.txt.gz Here]
*http://packages.ubuntu.com/dapper
*http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu

==== Where to download Ubuntu ====

*http://releases.ubuntu.com/6.06/

==== Where to order Ubuntu CDs absolutely FREE ====

*https://shipit.ubuntu.com
Please note that CDs may take four to six weeks to be delivered. You are encouraged to copy, modify, and redistribute the disks as much as possible.

==== Where to find help for Ubuntu ====

*See: ''System -> Help -> System Documentation''
*[https://help.ubuntu.com/ Official Documentation website]
*[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UserDocumentation Official User Documentation (wiki)]
*[http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/Main_Page Ubuntu Document Storage Facility]
*[http://www.ubuntu.com/community/lists Mailing Lists]
*[http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums Web Forums]
*[irc://irc.freenode.net/ubuntu IRC Channel]
*[http://www.debianadmin.com Simple Ubuntu Tutorials]

==== Where to look for new programs ====

* http://gnomefiles.org/
* http://www.kde-apps.org/
* [http://freshmeat.net/browse/18/ http://freshmeat.net]
* http://sourceforge.net/

==== Where to look for style elements for your desktop ====

* http://www.gnome-look.org/
* http://www.kde-look.org/
* http://art.gnome.org/

== Repositories ==

==== How to add extra repositories ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*You can also [[#How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic) | add extra repositories using the Synaptic Package Manager]]. New users may find it more user-friendly to add extra repositories through the Package Manager. If you follow the link above, you do not have follow the rest of this tip.

sudo cp -p /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

*Replace everything with the following lines
:To use your local mirror you can add "''cc.''" before ''archive.ubuntu.com'' (cc = your country code)
:e.g. ''<nowiki>deb http://lv.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse</nowiki>''

## Add comments (##) in front of any line to remove it from being checked.
## Use the following sources.list at your own risk.

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse

## MAJOR BUG FIX UPDATES produced after the final release
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse

## UBUNTU SECURITY UPDATES
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse

## BACKPORTS REPOSITORY (Unsupported. May contain illegal packages. Use at own risk.)
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## PLF REPOSITORY (Unsupported. May contain illegal packages. Use at own risk.)
deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ dapper free non-free

## CANONICAL COMMERCIAL REPOSITORY (Hosted on Canonical servers, not Ubuntu
## servers. RealPlayer10, Opera and more to come.)
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu dapper-commercial main

*Save the edited file

wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

* You may also replace your sources.list with this very complete list: [http://3v1n0.tuxfamily.org/blog/informatica/linux/lista-repository-sourceslist-per-ubuntu-kubuntu-dapper-archivio/] Use at own risk.

* ''Modify the default Ubuntu sources.list only if you understand what you're doing. Mixing repos can cause breakage.''

== Ubuntu Updates ==

==== How to manually update Ubuntu ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

'''OR'''

Use Update Manager: ''System -> Administration -> Update Manager''

==== How to automatically update Ubuntu ====

*Read [[#How_to_use_crontab]]''
*Read [[#Cronjob Examples]]''
*Create a daily cronjob to run apt-get upgrades
:''NOTE: Depending on how many packages need to be downloaded and updated, your machine can slow down significantly during the first update.

sudo crontab -e

*Add the following line to the crontab file
:''NOTE: The second 0 is the time of the day this command is run. This can be changed to whatever time is appropriate for you (0-23)

0 0 * * * apt-get -y update && apt-get -y upgrade && apt-get -y dist-upgrade && apt-get -y clean

*Save and exit the file
*This creates a cron job that runs every day at 12:00 am, it will update apt-get with new packages from the repository, update the packages (including new kernels) and clean off old downloaded packages so they do not slowly eat up your hard drive space.

== Add-On Applications ==

==== How to use Easy Ubuntu ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Easy Ubuntu is a small straight-forward utility that allows novice users to easily install a wide variety of content for Ubuntu such as media codecs, fonts, Macromedia Flash and Sun Java.

wget http://easyubuntu.freecontrib.org/files/easyubuntu-3.023.tar.gz
tar -zxf easyubuntu-3.023.tar.gz
cd easyubuntu
sudo python easyubuntu.in

*From the Easy Ubuntu window, check the appropriate boxes to download and install content to Ubuntu.
*Note: Users of the previous EasyUbuntu 3.0 version may experience issues with installing Flash and Java.

*[http://www.debianadmin.com/applications-installation-in-one-click-using-easyubuntu.html Easyubuntu Tutorials with Screenshots]

==== How to install Automatix2 on Ubuntu, Kubuntu, and Xubuntu ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Automatix2 is a graphical interface for automating the installation of the most commonly requested applications in Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu linux.
*Note: Before installing, please note that certain codecs it provides may be prohibited in certain countries. You are responsible for ensuring those laws are not broken.

*using your favorite text editor (kwrite, gedit)

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

*Add the following line to the end of the file.
*NOTE: Kubuntu/Xubuntu users will need to uncomment (remove the # before the word "deb") all the additional sources as well as add the automatix repository.

deb http://www.getautomatix.com/apt dapper main

*Save the file and close it

*Now save and close /etc/apt/sources.list and run the following commands from terminal (one by one, hitting enter after each step)

wget http://www.getautomatix.com/apt/key.gpg.asc
gpg --import key.gpg.asc
gpg --export --armor E23C5FC3 | sudo apt-key add -

*Run the following commands to install Automatix

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install automatix2

*Automatix2 can be started from the command line

automatix2

*It will be added to the Menu, as well

Menu -> System -> Automatix2

* [http://www.debianadmin.com/automatix-automated-graphical-installer-script-and-ubuntu.html Automatix and Ubuntu With Screenshots]

==== How to install Clipboard Daemon for GNOME ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2 -C /usr/bin/
sudo chown root:root /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
sudo gnome-clipboard-daemon &
export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e

*Add the following line at the end of file

@reboot gnome-clipboard-daemon

*Save the edited file

==== How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin

*When asked, agree with DLJ license terms.

*To configure J2SE as the default JVM (necessary for programs such as Frostwire, Freenet, RSSOwl and as a plugin for Mozilla Firefox):

sudo update-alternatives --config java

Then choose the option that corresponds to J2SE.

==== How to install JRE v5.0 Update 10 ====
''Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed''

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

*Navigate to http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp
Choose "Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 5.0 Update 10" and click on "Download"
Accept License Agreement
Download the "Linux self-extracting file"

*Install the required tool :

sudo apt-get install java-package

*Create the Ubuntu package :

fakeroot make-jpkg jre-1_5_0_10-linux-i586.bin

*Install the resulting package :

sudo dpkg -i sun-j2re1.5_1.5.0+update10_i386.deb

*Restart Mozilla Firefox
*If you get an error, try changing the 10's in the filenames to the appropriate version number.

==== How to install Flash Player (Macromedia Flash) Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
sudo update-flashplugin

*Restart Mozilla Firefox

Note: if sound doesn't work in Flash Player (for example on YouTube):

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss
gksudo gedit /etc/firefox/firefoxrc

Change:

FIREFOX_DSP=""

To:

FIREFOX_DSP="aoss"

*Restart Mozilla Firefox. Now sound should work in Flash Player.

==== How to install PDF Reader (Adobe Reader) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install acroread mozilla-acroread acroread-plugins

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Office -> Adobe Reader
*Restart Mozilla Firefox

'''Note:''' Adobe Reader 7.0 will not run if SCIM is running. You are running SCIM if you have installed another language to Ubuntu via System -> Administration -> Language Support. To circumvent, do the following

gksudo gedit /usr/bin/acroread

Change:

#!/bin/sh
#

to:

#!/bin/sh
#
GTK_IM_MODULE=xim

Save the file. Now Adobe Reader 7.0 should work.

See also:
*[[#How to associate Adobe Reader with files in Nautilus]]
*[[#How to print from Adobe Reader]]
*[[#How to pull apart and combine pdf files]]

==== How to install gv (a PostScript and PDF viewer) ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
sudo apt-get install gv

==== How to install Download Manager (Downloader for X) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install d4x

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Downloader for X

==== How to install a password manager (Revelation) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install revelation

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Accessories -> Revelation Password Manager

==== How to install FTP Client (gFTP) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gftp

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> gFTP

==== How to install IRC Client (XChat) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install xchat xchat-systray

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> XChat IRC

==== How to install a Video Production Suite (Cinelerra) ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
From [http://www.kiberpipa.org/~gandalf/blog/?p=47 Here]

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Add this to the bottom, and uncomment the one for your architecture (i686 is what I use):
# Cinelerra
# deb http://www.kiberpipa.org/~gandalf/ubuntu/dapper/cinelerra/pentium4/ ./
# deb http://www.kiberpipa.org/~gandalf/ubuntu/dapper/cinelerra/athlonxp/ ./
deb http://www.kiberpipa.org/~gandalf/ubuntu/dapper/cinelerra/i686/ ./
deb http://www.kiberpipa.org/~gandalf/ubuntu/dapper/mjpegtools ./

Update:
sudo apt-get update

Now install:
sudo apt-get install cinelerra

==== How to install File share utility (LinuxDC++) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/linuxdcpp.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf linuxdcpp.tar.gz -C /opt
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linuxdcpp.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=LinuxDC++
Exec=linuxdcpp
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=/opt/linuxdcpp/pixmaps/linuxdcpp.png
Categories=Application;Network;

*Save the edited file

*Applications -> Internet -> LinuxDC++

*If doesn't start create new file linuxdcpp in /usr/sbin

gksudo gedit /usr/sbin/linuxdcpp

*Insert the following lines into the new file

#!/bin/bash
cd /opt/linuxdcpp
./linuxdcpp > /dev/null 2>&1 &

*Save and create the file executable
chmod a+x /usr/sbin/linuxdcpp

*If you whant to build the latest version from CVS use [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=193984 this guide]

==== How to install P2P BitTorrent Client (Azureus) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo apt-get install azureus

*Applications -> Internet -> Azureus

*(Alternative Method) The above method installs a version of Azureus compiled with gcj, the free alternative to Sun's Java.

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]

wget http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/azureus/Azureus_2.5.0.0_linux.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf Azureus_2.5.0.0_linux.tar.bz2 -C /opt/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/azureus.desktop

*Add the following to the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Azureus
Comment=A Bittorrent client
Exec=/opt/azureus/azureus
Icon=/opt/azureus/Azureus.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

*Save the edited file

*Applications -> Internet -> Azureus

==== How to install P2P BitTorrent Client (Bittornado) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install bittornado
sudo apt-get install bittornado-gui

*Applications -> Internet -> Bittornado Client

==== How to install P2P eMule Client (aMule) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install amule

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> aMule

==== How to install P2P Gnutella Client (FrostWire) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]

wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb
sudo dpkg -i FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb

*Applications -> Internet -> FrostWire

==== How to install Messenger (Skype) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

* Add the following lines at the end of file

## Repository for Skype
deb <nowiki>http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free</nowiki>

* Save the edited file

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install skype

*Applications -> Internet -> Skype

*For Skype 1.3 Beta:

wget -c http://download.skype.com/linux/skype-beta-1.3.0.37-1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i skype-beta-1.3.0.37-1_i386.deb

*Applications -> Internet -> Skype

==== How to install WinPopup (LinPopUp) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo apt-get install linpopup
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linpopup.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=LinPopUp
Comment=LinPopUp
Exec=linpopup
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/linpopup.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Utility;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Accessories -> LinPopUp

==== How to install Multimedia Codecs ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-gl gstreamer0.10-plugins-base \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse w32codecs
*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

[[User:Stubby|Stubby]] All known codecs work except for wmv,

[[User:Radiobuzzer|Radiobuzzer]] WMV codecs don't work especially for amd64 users. Advanced users should follow [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=140565&highlight=wmv+9+amd64 this patch]

==== How to install DVD playback capability ====

[[User:ironss|ironss]]: gstreamer dvd plugin is available as part of plugins-bad (or ugly?) and does not work reliably. However, Totem works with the xine backend to play back DVDs. This will keep you going until gstreamer gets dvd playback. Note that you do not have to install xine-ui or mplayer as suggested in

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install libdvdread3
sudo apt-get install dpkg-dev fakeroot debhelper # If you have AMD64. You need dpkg-source. Otherwise skip.
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh
sudo apt-get install totem-xine

[[User:Stubby|Stubby]]: gstreamer dvd plugin not ported to dapper yet. following instructions will not work properly

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2

==== How to install Multimedia Player (xine-ui) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]
*Read [[#How to install DVD playback capability]]

sudo apt-get install xine-ui libxine-extracodecs

*Associate xine-ui to play multimedia files

gconftool-2 --type string --set /desktop/gnome/volume_manager/autoplay_dvd_command "xine dvd://"
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applnk/Multimedia/xine.desktop
sudo ln -fs /usr/share/xine/desktop/xine.desktop /usr/share/applications/
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo sed -e 's/totem.desktop/xine.desktop/g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME desktop]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> xine

==== How to install Multimedia Player (VLC) with plug-in for Mozilla Firefox ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-* mozilla-plugin-vlc

*Inorder to stream video via vlc, you also need to install the following packages.

sudo apt-get install avahi-daemon
sudo apt-get install avahi-utils

:Applications -> Sound and Video -> VLC Media Player

==== How to install Multimedia Player (Mplayer) with plug-in for Mozilla Firefox====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer

:Applications -> Sound and Video -> MPlayer Movie Player

==== How to install Multimedia Player (Totem) with plug-in for Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]
*Read [[#How to install DVD playback capability]]

sudo apt-get install totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin

*Restart Mozilla Firefox

*[http://www.debianadmin.com/install-mplayer-ubuntu.html Simple Mplayer Installation Tutorial]

==== How to install Multimedia Player (XMMS) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]

sudo apt-get install xmms xmms-skins
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb

*Associate XMMS to play MP3/M3U/WAV files

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /tmp/defaults.list_tmp
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/mpeg=.*/audio\/mpeg=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.list_tmp > /tmp/defaults.mp3
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/x-mpegurl=.*/audio\/x-mpegurl=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.mp3 > /tmp/defaults.m3u
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/x-wav=.*/audio\/x-wav=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.m3u > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
sudo rm -f /tmp/defaults.*

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME desktop]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> XMMS

==== How to install Multimedia Player (amaroK) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]

sudo apt-get install amarok

*Applications -> Sound & Video -> amaroK

==== How to install Multimedia Player (RealPlayer 10) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install realplay

:Note: 'realplay' installs RealPlayer 10 from PLF repository, which you should be enabled if you followed this guide. 'realplayer' installs RealPlayer 8 from multiverse.

*Applications -> Sound & Video -> RealPlayer 10
*It will also install all the necessary plugins automagically for it to view embedded real videos in Firefox
*To avoid issues of flickering or screen going blank when switching windows, goto
* RealPlayer 10 -> Tools -> Preferences -> Hardware -> Uncheck XVideo

'''Alternative Source'''

* Download from [http://www.real.com/linux Realplayer's Official Linux Version]
* Add execute permissions to installer
* Run and install

==== How to install Stream Directory Browser (streamtuner) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install streamtuner
sudo apt-get install streamripper

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> streamtuner

==== How to install Music Organizer (Cowbell) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install cowbell

*Applications -> Sound & Video -> Cowbell Music Organizer

==== How to install ID3 Tag Editor (EasyTAG) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install easytag

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> EasyTAG

==== How to install Video Editor (Kino) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]

sudo apt-get install kino kinoplus kino-timfx kino-dvtitler

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> Kino Video Editor

==== How to install Audio Editor (Audacity) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]

sudo apt-get install audacity

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> Audacity

==== How to install Music Manager and Player (Banshee) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]

sudo apt-get install banshee

==== How to install (Exaile) Music Manager/Player and Internet Radio Player ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]

*Obtain and install an updated Mutagen (python-mutagen):

wget http://www.sacredchao.net/~piman/software/mutagen-1.10.1.tar.gz
tar xvfz mutagen-1.10.1.tar.gz
cd mutagen*
./setup.py build
sudo ./setup.py install

*Now install Exaile

wget http://www.exaile.org/files/exaile_0.2.8_i386dapper.deb
sudo dpkg -i exaile_0.2.8_i386.deb

==== How to install DVD Ripper (dvd::rip) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]
*Read [[#How to install DVD playback capability]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Player (Totem) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]
*Read [[#How to install RAR Archiver (rar)]]

sudo apt-get install dvdrip vcdimager cdrdao subtitleripper
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/rar-2.80
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dvdrip.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=dvd::rip
Comment=dvd::rip
Exec=dvdrip
Icon=/usr/share/perl5/Video/DVDRip/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> dvd::rip

==== How to install DVD Ripper (AcidRip) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Player (Mplayer) with plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]

sudo apt-get install acidrip

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]

'''Note:''' AcidRip will not recognize dvd if dma is turned on. If so undo the process [[#How to speed up CD/DVD-ROM]].

==== How to install CD Ripper (Goobox) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]

sudo apt-get install goobox
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=CD Player & Ripper
Comment=Play and extract CDs
Exec=goobox
Icon=goobox.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> CD Player & Ripper

==== How to install Image Viewer (digiKam) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install digikam digikamimageplugins kipi-plugins

*Applications -> Graphics -> digikam

==== How to install Picasa image organizer ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

* Add the following lines at the end of file

# Google Picasa for Linux repository
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/deb/ stable non-free

* Save the edited file

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install picasa

*Applications -> Graphics -> Picasa

==== How to install TV application for video capture card ====

*tvtime is a high quality television application for use with video capture cards. It is able to processes the input from a capture card and displays it on a computer monitor or projector

sudo apt-get install tvtime

==== How to install Internet TV (DemocracyTV beta) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

*If your system has a 32bit processor (i386) open a Terminal and type

wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/pculture.org/democracy/linux/ubuntu/democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb
wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/pculture.org/democracy/linux/ubuntu/democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_i386.deb
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo dpkg -i democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb
sudo apt-get install mozilla-browser mozilla-psm mozilla-dev
sudo dpkg -i democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_i386.deb

* if your system has a 64bit processor (amd64)

wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/pculture.org/democracy/linux/ubuntu/democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb
wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/pculture.org/democracy/linux/ubuntu/democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo dpkg -i democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb
sudo apt-get install mozilla-browser mozilla-psm mozilla-dev
sudo dpkg -i democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_amd64.deb

* in both cases you might also need to install dependencies of the player package if dpkg returns a dependency error.

sudo apt-get -f install

* to get support for more formats you have to install libxine-extracodecs (check [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats Restricted Formats] for more info)

sudo apt-get install libxine-extracodecs

or use an alternate procedure: double click (or right click and select "Open with gdebi") on the deb files so they are opened with gdebi, first democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb and after that democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_i386.deb (if you have a 32bit processor) or democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_amd64.deb (if you have a 64bit processor)

*Applications -> Sound & Video -> Democracy TV

==== How to install Vector Graphics Editor (Inkscape) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install inkscape

Second installation [http://www.autopackage.org method]:

1. Download the [http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/inkscape/inkscape-0.44.x86.package?download official Inkscape Linux installer].
2. Choose a mirror and save it to your Desktop.
3. Right-click it, enable "Properties --> Permissions --> Owner:Execute" and close the dialogue box. (One-time procedure)
4. Double-click it and follow the instructions.
5. Install the support code system-wide, if you have the root password. (One-time procedure)

NOTE: You can and should install the program as a User, rather than Root. This is easily accomplished with the second method.

==== How to install Opera web browser ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install opera

*Applications -> Internet -> Opera

*To get java working go to Tools->Preferences->Advanced->Content-> Check "Enable Java". Click the "Enable Java..." button enter "/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/jre/lib/i386" (for sun java) in the new dialog and then click the "Validate Java Path" button.

==== How to install Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Thunderbird Mail Client

==== How to install Newsreader (Pan) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo apt-get install pan

*Applications -> Internet -> Pan Newsreader

==== How to install RSS/RDF/Atom Newsreader (RSSOwl) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
gksudo gedit /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh

*Insert the following lines into the new file

export MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME=/usr/lib/mozilla-firefox
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:${MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME}:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
cd /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
./run.sh

*Save the edited file

sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RSSOwl.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=RSSOwl
Comment=RSSOwl
Exec=runRSSOwl.sh
Icon=/opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/rssowl.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

*Save the edited file
*Applications -> Internet -> RSSOwl

==== How to install Web Authoring System (Nvu) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install nvu
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nvu
Comment=Web Development Editor
Exec=nvu
Icon=nvu.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Development;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Nvu

====How to install Web Development Environment (quanta plus) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install quanta

*Applications -> Programming -> Quanta Plus

==== How to install Project Management Application (Planner) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install planner

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Office -> Project Management

==== How to install jedit ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]

wget -c http://optusnet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit/jedit_4.3pre8_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i jedit_4.3pre8_all.deb

* Applications -> Programming -> Programmers text editor jedit

==== How to install Accounting Application (GnuCash) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gnucash
sudo rm -fr /usr/share/gnome/apps/Applications/
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/GnuCash.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=GnuCash
Comment=GnuCash Personal Finance
Exec=gnucash
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/gnucash/gnucash-icon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Office;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Office -> GnuCash

==== How to install Desktop Publishing Application (Scribus) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install scribus

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Office -> Scribus

==== How to install Diagram Editor (Dia) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install dia-gnome

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Graphics -> Dia

==== How to install Compiled HTML Help (CHM) Viewer (xCHM) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install xchm

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Graphics -> xCHM

==== How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (GnomeBaker) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gnomebaker

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> GnomeBaker

==== How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (K3b) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install k3b libk3b2-mp3

*Applications -> Sound & Video -> K3b

==== How to install Dialup PPP Client (GNOME PPP) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gnome-ppp

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> GNOME PPP

==== How to install Broadband ADSL/PPPoE Client (RP-PPPoE) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential)]]

wget -c <nowiki>http://easylinux.info/uploads/rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz</nowiki>
sudo tar zxvf rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RP-PPPoE.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=RP-PPPoE
Comment=RP-PPPoE
Exec=gksudo /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/go-gui
Icon=pppoeconf.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> RP-PPPoE

==== How to install Boot-Up Manager (BUM) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install bum

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*System -> Administration -> Boot-Up Manager

==== How to install Partition Editor (GParted) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gparted

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> GParted

==== How to install Firewall (Firestarter) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install firestarter

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Firestarter

==== How to install network traffic analyzer (Ethereal) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install ethereal

*Applications -> Internet -> Ethereal

==== How to install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install nessus
sudo apt-get install nessusd
sudo nessus-adduser
sudo ln -fs /etc/init.d/nessusd /etc/rc2.d/S20nessusd
sudo /etc/init.d/nessusd start
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nessus.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nessus
Comment=Nessus
Exec=nessus
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/nessus.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Nessus

==== How to install 7z Archiver ( .7z) ====

*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install p7zip-full

==== How to install RAR Archiver ( .rar ) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install rar
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar

*Applications -> Accessories -> Archive Manager

*For some system, you may need to use
sudo apt-get install unrar

==== How to install ACE expander ( .ace ) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install unace

* To expand ace archive

unace e /path/to/archive.ace /destination/folder/

* For more info try ''man unace''

==== How to install Extra Fonts ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-arabic
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-asian
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-european
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-phonetic
sudo apt-get install gsfonts-x11
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
sudo fc-cache -f -v

*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

:''Note: Ubuntu Dapper comes with the DejaVu fonts (derived from Bitstream Vera) and provides adequate support for Latin, Greek and Cyrillic based languages.''

==== How to install Chinese Input Method (SCIM) ====

'''The following advices are outdated and it could be hard to revert to normal afterwards. Please follow instead the official Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake guide [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/InputMethods/SCIM/CJK_Chinese_Japanese_Korean_Input_Method_configuration_using_SCIM_in_Ubuntu_6%2e06_Dapper_Drake HERE]'''

'''Please note that scim is now installed by default in Dapper, and installing Chinese, Japanese or Korean Support is done using System>Administration>Language Support. The wiki details the method more thoroughly'''

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Extra Fonts]]

sudo apt-get install scim
sudo apt-get install scim-chinese
sudo apt-get install scim-config-socket
sudo apt-get install scim-gtk2-immodule
sudo apt-get install scim-tables-zh
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz -C /usr/share/fonts/truetype/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/fonts/truetype/fireflysung-1.3.0/
sudo fc-cache -f -v

*System -> Preferences -> SCIM Input Method Setup
*To activate SCIM

Press 'Ctrl + Space'

==== How to install Desktop Applets (gDesklets) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gdesklets
sudo apt-get install gdesklets-data

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Accessories -> gDesklets
*For more info see: http://www.gdesklets.org/

==== How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install build-essential

==== How to install .rpm to .deb Converter (Alien) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install alien
*[http://www.debianadmin.com/install-rpm-files-in-debian-and-ubuntu.html Install alien with examples]

==== How to install Integrated Development Environment (Anjuta) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install anjuta

*Applications -> Programming -> Anjuta IDE

==== How to install C# Integrated Development Environment (MonoDevelop) ====
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install mono mono-gmcs mono-gac mono-utils monodevelop

==== How to install Java Integrated Development Environment (Eclipse) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install eclipse

*Applications -> Development -> Eclipse

==== How to install 3D modeling tool (Blender 3d) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install blender

*Applications -> Graphics -> Blender 3D modeller

==== How to install chess game with board ====
*There are several chess games available, one of which, xboard + gnuchess is easy to use. xboard provides the interface and gnuchess runs in the background. You can play with machine or with another person.

sudo apt-get install gnuchess xboard

*Applications -> Games -> XBoard

==== How to install game Tuxracer ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install planetpenguin-racer planetpenguin-racer-data planetpenguin-racer-extras

*Applications -> Games -> planetpenguin-racer

==== How to install game Frozen-Bubble ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install frozen-bubble

*Applications -> Games -> Frozen-Bubble

==== How to install game Scorched3D ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install scorched3d
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/scorched3d.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Scorched 3D
Comment=A 3D Remake Of Scorched Earth
Exec=scorched3d
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Game;ArcadeGame;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Games -> Scorched 3D

==== How to install real-time-strategy game (globulation 2 alpha21) ====

wget http://globulation2.org/releases/0.8.21/glob2_alpha21_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i glob2_alpha21_i386.deb

you might also need to install dependencies if dpkg returns a dependency error

sudo apt-get -f install

to play use command

glob2

you may also use the following command to install glob2

sudo apt-get install glob2

==== How to install virtual planetarium (Stellarium) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install stellarium
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/stellarium.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Stellarium
Comment=Virtual planetarium
Exec=stellarium
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Education;
Icon=stellarium

*Applications -> Education -> Stellarium

Second installation [http://www.autopackage.org method]: (version 0.6.2)

1. Download the [http://bylands.dur.ac.uk/~mh/stellarium-0.6.2.x86.package Stellarium Linux installer].
2. Save it to your Desktop.
3. Right-click it, enable "Properties --> Permissions --> Owner:Execute" and close the dialogue box. (One-time procedure)
4. Double-click it and follow the instructions.
5. Install the support code system-wide, if you have the root password. (One-time procedure)

NOTE: You can and should install the program as a User, rather than Root. This is easily accomplished with the second method.

==== How to install Google Toolbar for Firefox ====

The current version of Google Toolbar works fine with Firefox 1.5.0.5 in Ubuntu 6.06

In Firefox, click the link below

http://www.google.com/tools/firefox/toolbar/

then click on the big download button.

==== How to install Google Earth ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

wget -c http://dl.google.com/earth/GE4/GoogleEarthLinux.bin
sudo sh GoogleEarthLinux.bin

*Leave ''/usr/local/google-earth'' as the installation path
*After installation click '''Exit'''. If you instead chose to run the application, read the Note below.

sudo cp /usr/local/google-earth/googleearth.desktop /usr/share/applications/

*Applications -> Internet -> Google Earth

*''Note:'' If you run Google Earth for the first time from the installer, it will require root privileges to run the next time. To fix that:
sudo chmod 777 -R ~/.googleearth

==== How to install KDE Edutainment applications ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install kdeedu

*Applications -> Education -> ...

==== How to install Internet Explorer + Flash 9 ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Windows_Applications in Linux (Wine)]]
*[http://www.debianadmin.com/running-internet-explorer-debian-and-ubuntu-linux.html Internet Explorer installation with screenshot]
This will install a wine'd version of Internet Explorer 6 with Flash 9, as well as IE 5.5/5.01 if you really want them.
*''Note:'' Flash 9 will '''NOT''' be available in browsers other than IE.
*Install Cabextract. Open a terminal and run
sudo apt-get install cabextract
*Open a terminal and run this:
wget <nowiki>http://www.tatanka.com.br/ies4linux/downloads/ies4linux-2.0.tar.gz</nowiki> -O - | tar xvzf -

*Or, if that doesn't work, use this command:
wget <nowiki>http://modzer0.cs.uaf.edu/~hardwarehank/files/ies4linux-2.0.tar.gz</nowiki> -O - | tar xvzf -

*Then, just run it:
cd ies4linux-2.0
sh ies4linux

You don't have to run it as root (no sudo). If you do, it will make global symlinks, which is fine if you want that. Otherwise, it will use ~/bin. Read the README:
less README

==== How to install Windows Applications in Linux (Wine) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

Wine Is Not an Emulator. Wine is an Open Source implementation of the Windows API on top of X and Unix. Think of Wine as a compatibility layer for running Windows programs. Wine does not require Microsoft Windows, as it is a completely free alternative implementation of the Windows API consisting of 100% non-Microsoft code, however Wine can optionally use native Windows DLLs if they are available.

In other words, Wine will let you run Windows applications in Linux.

*First, add repository for Wine:

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

*Add the following lines at the end of this file

# Repository for wine
deb <nowiki>http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt</nowiki> dapper main
deb-src <nowiki>http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt</nowiki> dapper main

*Save the edited file

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine

*For more info see http://www.winehq.com/

==== How to install a Drop Down Terminal like in First Person Shooters (tilda) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

Do you want a console like in a first person shooter? Tilda should take care of you.

sudo apt-get install tilda

* The default keybinding is F1. To change the default keybinding, either enter tilda -C at the terminal, or right click on the tilda terminal then click Preferences. While in preferences, you can change other things such as transparency, font, size, and window size.

==== How to install VMware Player ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo apt-get install vmware-player

*Note: VMware Workstation installs also the VMware Player so these steps are only needed if you don't have a VMware Workstation license.

==== How to install VMware Workstation ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r`
sudo apt-get install make
sudo apt-get install g++
tar xzf VMware-workstation.tar.gz -C /tmp
cd /tmp/vmware-distrib
sudo ./vmware-install.pl
sudo ./vmware-config.pl -c

*Now you can run VMware by typing at the command line
/usr/bin/vmware

==== How to install LaTeX ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo apt-get install tetex-base
sudo apt-get install tetex-bin
sudo apt-get install tetex-extra

*If you want to improve font, you can also install latex-xft-fonts

sudo apt-get install latex-xft-fonts

*If you want to use beamer to make slides in LaTeX

sudo apt-get install latex-beamer

==== How to install Kile integrated LaTeX environment ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install LaTeX]]

sudo apt-get install kile

*Applications -> Office -> Kile

*As Kile is a KDE application, you need to configure its to view DVI, PS and PDF file properly. Start Kile, choose Settings -> Configure Kile -> Build
*In Select Tools, choose ViewDVI, in tab '''Advanced''' choose ''Run outside of Kile'', go to tab '''General''', in '''Command''' type ''xdvi'', in '''Option''' type '%S.dvi'
*In Select Tools, choose ViewPS, do the same as above, except '''Command''' = ''evince'', '''Option''' = '%S.ps'
*In Select Tools, choose ViewPS, do the same as above, except '''Command''' = ''evince'', '''Option''' = '%S.pdf'

==== How to install Gnome Search Tool for finding files on your system ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

*Applications --> Accessories --> Alacarte Menu Editor

*Highlight "Accessories" application category
*Menu pulldown: File --> New Entry
*Enter Name: "Gnome Search Tool"
*Enter Command: "/usr/bin/gnome-search-tool"
*Close Alacarte Menu Editor.

*Applications --> Accessories --> Gnome Search Tool to find files anywhere on your system.

*Note: Gnome Search Tool is distributed as part of the Ubuntu base distribution in the gnome-utils package.

==== How to install a Quran researching tool (zekr) ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) v6.0 with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]

[http://siahe.com/zekr/ Zekr] is an open platform Quran study tool for simply browsing and researching on the Holy Quran. It is a Quran-based project, planned to be a universal, open source, and cross-platform application to perform most of the usual refers to Quran. The main idea is to build an as generic as possible platform to accept different Islamic resources.

Currently Zekr has English, Persian,
French, German, Arabic, Indonesian, Russian, Dutch, Kurdish, Malay, Turkish and Urdu built-in language packs.
In addition, it includes English, Persian, and Russian Quran translations.

*Make sure that Sun JRE is the default JRE (zekr also works with the new version of gij).

*Run the following command in the terminal:
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
*Add The following line at the end of the file:
deb http://siahe.com/zekr/apt dapper main
*Add the GPG key
wget -q http://siahe.com/zekr/apt/zekr.debian.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -

*Run the following commands in the terminal:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install zekr
sudo apt-get install ttf-me-quran ttf-scheherazade

*If you are upgrading from a previous installed version of zekr, to use the new font configuration of zekr run the following command in the terminal:
mv ~/.zekr ~/.zekr-backup

*For more info see http://www.siahe.com/zekr/apt/

== Other Desktop Environments ==

==== How to install KDE ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*You may also look at some [http://www.kde.org/screenshots/ KDE Screenshots]

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

:''Note: This installation will require ~400MB of disk space''

*System -> Log Out -> Log Out
*To log in to KDE click on ''Sessions'' and choose KDE

* [http://www.debianadmin.com/install-kde-desktop-in-ubuntu.html KDE Installation with Screenshots]
==== Upgrade KDE ====

*The latest KDE version available for repositories of Ubuntu Dapper is 3.5.5.

*Add the following line into ''/etc/apt/sources.list''
deb http://kubuntu.org/packages/kde-355 dapper main

*Add key for upgrading
wget http://people.ubuntu.com/~jriddell/kubuntu-packages-jriddell-key.gpg
sudo apt-key add kubuntu-packages-jriddell-key.gpg

*Upgrade KDE
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

==== How to install GNOME (for kubuntu users) ====

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

==== How to install XFCE ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*You may also look at some [http://www.xfce.org/index.php?page=screenshots&lang=en XFCE Screenshots]

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

*System -> Log Out -> Log Out
*To log in to XFCE click on ''Sessions'' and choose XFCE

==== How to install XFCE 4.4 preview versions (4.3.90.1) ====

*to install Xfce 4.4 beta 1 (4.3.90.1) on a fresh install of Dapper:

*download the Xfce 4.4 preview versions installer (see http://www.xfce.org)

sudo apt-get install build-essential gcc pkg-config libglib2.0-0 \
libglib2.0-dev libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-dev libxml++2.6c2a libxml++2.6-dev \
libvte-dev libvte4 a2ps libxpm-dev libxpm4 alsa-source alsa alsa-base \
alsa-oss alsa-utils libxml-parser-perl libpng12-0 libpng12-dev libdbh1.0-dev

chmod +x xfce4-4.3.90.1-installer.bin
sudo ./xfce4-4.3.90.1-installer.bin

*on installer, use default setting, except:
*:''Extensive Optimizations'', can be truned on for 386
*:''Use ALSA for the Xfce Mixer'', can be turned off
*:(see http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?t=4697&)

* finally to enable Xfce, you may need to enable it on the desktop manager (mark ''allow Xfce manage desktop'')

==== How to install FluxBox ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

Here's some [http://fluxbox.org/screenshots.php Screenshots]. Fluxbox is a popular minimalist Window Manager.
sudo apt-get install fluxbox

===== Make it start when you login thru GDM =====
echo "exec startfluxbox" > ~/.xinitrc

===== Make it make the pretty sound on login =====
sudo apt-get install sox
gedit ~/.fluxbox/startup

*Find this line:
exec /usr/local/bin/fluxbox

*Put this above it somewhere:
play /usr/share/sounds/login.wav > /dev/null 2>&1 &
*Listen happily.

== Eye Candy ==

==== How to install Xgl/Compiz (Nvidia)====

*For complete info on how to set up XGL on different cards and some tweaks see: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=148351

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)]]

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Find this section

Section "Module"
Load "i2c"
Load "bitmap"
...
Load "type1"
Load "vbe"
EndSection

*Comment out dri and GLcore (if present)

# Load "dri"
# Load "GLcore"

*Make sure the glx module is loaded

Load "glx"

*Find this section (your values may vary)

Section "Device"
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
Driver "nv"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection

*Replace with the following lines, leaving the Identifier and BusID as it is

Section "Device"
...
Driver "nvidia"
...
Option "RenderAccel" "true"
Option "AllowGLXWithComposite" "true"
EndSection

*Find this section

Section "Screen"
Identifier "Default Screen"
Device "NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
Monitor "Generic Monitor"
DefaultDepth 16

*Make sure DefaultDepth is set to 24, if it isn't already

DefaultDepth 24

*Save the edited file
*Install Xgl/Compiz

sudo apt-get install compiz xserver-xgl libgl1-mesa xserver-xorg libglitz-glx1 compiz-gnome
sudo cp /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom-backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom

*Replace everything with the following lines

# GDM Configuration Customization file.
#
# This file is the appropriate place for specifying your customizations to the
# GDM configuration. If you run gdmsetup, it will automatically edit this
# file for you and will cause the daemon and any running GDM GUI programs to
# automatically update with the new configuration. Not all configuration
# options are supported by gdmsetup, so to modify some values it may be
# necessary to modify this file directly by hand.
#
# To hand-edit this file, simply add or modify the key=value combination in
# the appropriate section in the template below. Refer to the comments in the
# gdm.conf file for information about each option. Also refer to the reference
# documentation.
#
# If you hand edit a GDM configuration file, you should run the following
# command to get the GDM daemon to notice the change. Any running GDM GUI
# programs will also be notified to update with the new configuration.
#
# gdmflexiserver --command="UPDATE_CONFIG <configuration key>"
#
# For example, the "Enable" key in the "[debug]" section would be specified by
# "debug/Enable".
#
# You can also run gdm-restart or gdm-safe-restart to cause GDM to restart and
# re-read the new configuration settings. You can also restart GDM by sending
# a HUP or USR1 signal to the daemon. HUP behaves like gdm-restart and causes
# any user session started by GDM to exit immediately while USR1 behaves like
# gdm-safe-restart and will wait until all users log out before restarting GDM.
#
# For full reference documentation see the gnome help browser under
# GNOME|System category. You can also find the docs in HTML form on
# http://www.gnome.org/projects/gdm/
#
# NOTE: Lines that begin with "#" are considered comments.
#
# Have fun!

[daemon]

[security]

[xdmcp]

[gui]

[greeter]

[chooser]

[debug]

[servers]# Override display 1 to use Xgl
0=Xgl

[server-Xgl]
name=Xgl server
command=/usr/bin/Xgl :0 -fullscreen -ac -accel glx:pbuffer -accel xv:fbo
flexible=true

*Create a script that runs Xgl/Compiz on startup

gksudo gedit /usr/bin/thefuture

*Insert the following lines into the new file. Replace .us with appropriate keyboard binding for your region. Eg .gb for United Kingdom. For a full list of keyboard bindings, type ''ls /usr/share/xmodmap'' in a terminal. If unsure, leave as .us (United States)

#!/bin/bash
gnome-window-decorator & compiz --replace gconf decoration wobbly fade minimize cube rotate zoom scale move resize place switcher &
xmodmap /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.us

*Save the file

sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/thefuture

*To run compiz for this session

thefuture

*To have compiz load on startup
**System -> Preferences -> Sessions
**Startup Programs -> Add

/usr/bin/thefuture

**Click Ok, then Close
**Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

*Troubleshooting
**If Xgl/Compiz doesn't seem to work, or you get errors, simply restart your machine after adding "thefuture" to Startup programs
**If moving windows slows down the system, run gconf-editor from the terminal. Find apps/compiz/general/screen0/options. Disable detect_refresh_rate and set refresh rate to 60. Everything should work fine now...
**If you are using a non default keyboard layout (other language), you might have to change it back to what you need if the keyboard acts funny at System/Settings/Keyboard.
**You can also set the Super-key to the windows button here.
**If you don't want "bottom expanded panel", type "killall gnome-panel" in terminal.

*Tips
**Switch windows = Alt + Tab
**Arrange and View All Windows = F12 turns on or off; clicking a window will zoom it to the front
**Switch desktops on cube = Ctrl + Alt + Left/Right Arrow
**Switch desktops on cube - with active window following = Ctrl + Shift + Alt + Left/Right Arrow
**Rotate cube manually = Ctrl + Alt + left-click
**Make window translucent/opaque = currently only possible with the "transset" utility
**Zoom-in once = Super-key right-click
**Zoom-in manually = Super-key + wheel mouse up
**Zoom-out manually = Super-key + wheel mouse down
**Move window = Alt + left-click
**Snap Move window (will stick to borders) = Ctrl + Alt + left-click
**Resize window = Alt + right-click

==== How to install Xgl/Compiz (ATI) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Graphics Driver (ATI)]]
*See http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Xgl-Compiz-Dapper

==== How to install alternate boot splash screen ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*This installs a minimalistic splash screen that appears when the computer is booting up and shutting down. It is devoid of any text messages.

wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/usplash-minimalistic_0.1.deb
sudo dpkg -i usplash-minimalistic_0.1.deb
sudo update-alternatives --config usplash-artwork.so

*Select the minimalistic alternative (/usr/local/lib/usplash/minimalastic.so) by entering the corresponding number. If you ever want to revert back to the original splash, select the default (/usr/lib/usplash/usplash-default.so)

*Restart your computer to see the effects
*See the official [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/USplashCustomizationHowto USplash Customization HOWTO] for more customization.

==== How to replace Firefox Icons ====
Want the non-ugly firefox icon back? Do this (stolen from here: http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/Firefox_&_Thunderbird_icon).

== Commercial Applications ==

==== How to install Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP (Win4Lin) ====

*http://www.win4lin.com

==== How to install Windows Applications (CrossOver Office) ====

*http://www.codeweavers.com

==== How to install Windows Games (Cedega) ====

*http://www.transgaming.com

== User Administration ==

==== How to set/change/enable root user password ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo passwd root

==== How to disable root user account ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo passwd -l root

==== How to allow root user to login into GNOME ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to set/change/enable root user password]]
*System -> Administration -> Login Screen Setup
*Login Screen Setup

Security Tab -> Security -> Allow root to login with GDM ('''Checked''')

==== How to switch to root user in Console mode ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo -s -H
Password: <specify user password>

==== How to add/edit/delete system users ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
*Users and Groups

Users Tab -> Add User.../Properties/Delete

:'''or'''

sudo useradd jim
sudo userdel jim

*For more info read

man usermod

==== How to add/edit/delete system groups ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
*Users and Groups

Groups Tab -> Add Group.../Properties/Delete

==== How to automatic login into GNOME (not secure) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Login Window

Security Tab -> Enable Automatic Login ('''Checked''')
Now choose a user from the drop-down menu.

==== How to allow more sudoers ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

EDITOR=gedit sudo visudo

*Append the following line at the end of file

system_username ALL=(ALL) ALL

*Save the edited file

'''OR''' since everyone in the '''admin''' group can use ''sudo'':
sudo adduser a_username admin

This appends the admin group to the user's supplementary group list. They will now have sudo access.

==== How to use "sudo" without prompt for password (not secure) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

EDITOR=gedit sudo visudo

*Find this line

...
system_username ALL=(ALL) ALL
...

*Replace with the following line

system_username ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

*Save the edited file

==== How to explicitly destroy the "sudo" session ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo -K

==== How to change files/folders permissions ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

Right click on files/folders -> '''Properties'''

Permissions Tab -> Read/Write/Execute (Checked the permissions for Owner/Group/Others)

==== How to change files/folders ownership ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo chown system_username /location_of_files_or_folders

==== How to change files/folders group ownership ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo chgrp system_groupname /location_of_files_or_folders

==== How to use crontab ====

*Below is the crontab format

------------- minute (0 - 59)
| ----------- hour (0 - 23)
| | --------- day of month (1 - 31)
| | | ------- month (1 - 12)
| | | | ----- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0)
| | | | |
* * * * * command to be executed

*The comma (',') operator specifies a list of values, for example: "1,3,4,7,8"

*The dash ('-') operator specifies a range of values, for example: "1-6", which is equivalent to "1,2,3,4,5,6"

*The asterisk ('*') operator specifies all possible values for a field. For example, an asterisk in the hour time field would be equivalent to 'every hour'..

*The slash ('/') operator, can be used to skip a given number of values. For example, "*/3" in the hour time field is equivalent to "0,3,6,9,12,15,18,21"; "*" specifies 'every hour' but the "/3" means that only the first, fourth, seventh...and such values given by "*" are used.

*View crontab

crontab -l

*Edit crontab

crontab -e

*Cronjobs are run for each user, so if you want root to run a command in cron use

sudo crontab -e

*If any output is produced by a command executed from a crontab, the cron daemon will normally email the user that output. To silence any particular command, you may redirect its output to /dev/null. To stop receiving email output from crontab, append the following to any command.

> /dev/null 2>&1

*This will redirect stdout to null while redirecting stderr to stdout, so you receive no errors if they occur:

=====Cronjob Examples=====

*for a command (ls) to run every day at 4:30pm, add the following line to cron:

30 16 * * * ls

*for a command (ls) to run every 5 minutes, add the following line to cron:

*/5 * * * * ls

*for a command (ls) to run every friday at 6:57am, add the following line to cron:

57 6 * * 5 ls

*for a command (ls) to run on the first of every month at 2:38pm, add the following line to cron:

38 14 1 * * ls

*for a command (echo "string") to run every weekday at 12:00pm, add the following line to cron:

0 12 * * 1-5 echo "lunchtime"

*for a command (echo "string") to run every December 25th at 12:00am, add the following line to cron:

0 0 25 12 * echo "CHRISTMAS TIME IS HERE!!!"

== Hardware ==
==== Activate side-mouse-buttons in FireFox ====
Just add two lines to xorg.conf will activate side-mouse-buttons in FireFox. This should work with most 5-button mouse. Here is a list of mice that worked with this instruction.
* Logitech MX510
* Logitech MX518
* Logitech MX700
* Intellimouse Explorer (first edition)
* Lexma MPE M526

Backup X configuration file
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak

Modify the X configuration file
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Find the Input Device section for your mouse and add two lines as shown below. You may also increase the number of buttons if your mouse has more than 7, just fix the rest of the section based upon the number of buttons (remember back/forward, wheel click & tilt left/right all count as buttons)

Change:

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Configured Mouse"
Driver "mouse"
Option "CorePointer"
...
Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
...
Option "Emulate3Buttons" "true"
EndSection

to:

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Configured Mouse"
Driver "mouse"
Option "CorePointer"
...
Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
...
Option "Emulate3Buttons" "true"
Option "Buttons" "7"
Option "ButtonMapping" "1 2 3 6 7"
EndSection

At this point you can reboot your computer or reboot X (Ctrl-Alt-BackSpace) to see if your forward/back buttons work in FireFox. They still won't work in Nautilus yet until you install the imwheel dameon.

==== Install & Configure IMWheel ====
*Install IMWheel
sudo apt-get install imwheel

*Modify IMWheel configuration file
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/imwheel/imwheelrc

*Insert the following at the bottom of this existing file

".*"
None, Up, Alt_L|Left
None, Down, Alt_L|Right

"(null)"
None, Up, Alt_L|Left
None, Down, Alt_L|Right

*Create IMWheel start-up script

sudo mkdir /home/login
gksudo gedit /home/login/mouse

*Insert the following into this new file

#!/bin/sh
exec xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 2 3 6 7 4 5" &
exec imwheel -k -b "67" &
exec $REALSTARTUP

*Grant execution for everyone to this new script
sudo chmod +x /home/login/mouse

*Configure this script to be executed at start-up
*# Select 'System' > 'Preferences' > 'Sessions'
*# Click the StartUp tab
*# Click Add, then input: /home/login/mouse
*# Click OK, then Close

*Reboot your computer or your Gnome environment and then test your back/forward mouse buttons in Nautilus

==== How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-kernel-common
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable

*Should the above not enable the new driver, you can enable it manually by opening the X config file:

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*and replacing "nv" with "nvidia"

*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

*Enable XvMC by creating the nVidia XvMC configuration file

sudo gedit /etc/X11/XvMCConfig

*Insert the following line into the new configuration file, to tell the players the name of the nVidia XvMC shared library:

libXvMCNVIDIA_dynamic.so.1

*To use XvMC to accelerate video playback, use the following flags. See [[http://www.penlug.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/LinuxHardwareInfoNvidia5200]] for more details.

xine -V xxmc filename.ts
mplayer -vo xvmc -vc ffmpeg12mc filename.ts

==== How to disable NVIDIA graphics logo on GNOME startup ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)]]

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Find this section

...
Section "Device"
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"
Driver "nvidia"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
...

*Add the following line below it

Option "NoLogo"

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

==== How to install Graphics Driver (ATI) ====

*See [http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu_Installation_Guide Unofficial ATI Linux driver wiki]
*Or [http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=423584 Ubuntuforums.org]
*Or [http://www.penlug.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/LinuxHardwareInfoATIRadeonX800 PenLUG.org]

==== How to install Graphics Driver (Intel) ====

'''Note:''' This driver is for IntelÂ® 82830M, 82845G, 82852GM, 82855GM, 82865G, and 82915G/GM graphics controller-based products only.

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install .rpm to .deb Converter (Alien)]]
wget -c http://downloadmirror.intel.com/df-support/8211/eng/dri-I915-v1.1-20041217.i386.rpm
sudo alien dri-I915-v1.1-20041217.i386.rpm
sudo dpkg -i dri-i915_v1.1-20041218_i386.deb

==== How to Correct the Graphics Resolution (Intel) ====
*Read [[#How to enable Large Widescreen Support]] if you have a larger (>20") monitor

*Intel 915g, 945g, etc. graphics chipsets only have a limited set of resolutions initially installed, despite the correct driver being detected.
*Install the resolution altering tool:

sudo apt-get install 915resolution

*Run the following to see the availible modes:

915resolution -l

*Choose a resolution you don't need and replace, for example the following changes 1920x1440 to 1920x1200

915resolution 5c 1920 1200

*This should add the option for that resolution to the "System>Preferences>Screen Resolution" tool.
*If it works correctly then you can make the change permanent:

sudo gedit /etc/rc.local

*Find the following line

exit 0

*Before this, insert the 915resolution command with your favorite setting, like the following:

915resolution 5c 1920 1200

==== How to detect CPU temperature, fan speeds and voltages (lm-sensors) ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install lm-sensors

Create file called mkdev.sh in /home/[Your user name]/bin/, and paste in the following
#!/bin/bash

# Here you can set several defaults.

# The number of devices to create (max: 256)
NUMBER=32

# The owner and group of the devices
OUSER=root
OGROUP=root
# The mode of the devices
MODE=600

# This script doesn't need to be run if devfs is used
if [ -r /proc/mounts ] ; then
if grep -q "/dev devfs" /proc/mounts ; then
echo "You do not need to run this script as your system uses devfs."
exit;
fi
fi

i=0;

while [ $i -lt $NUMBER ] ; do
echo /dev/i2c-$i
mknod -m $MODE /dev/i2c-$i c 89 $i || exit
chown "$OUSER:$OGROUP" /dev/i2c-$i || exit
i=$[$i + 1]
done
#end of file

Make this file executable, then run it
sudo chmod +x mkdev.sh
sudo ./mkdev.sh

Now detect sensors, and answer "y" to all questions.
sudo sensors-detect

sudo modprobe i2c-sensor
sudo modprobe i2c-viapro
sudo modprobe i2c-isa
sudo modprobe it87

sudo depmod -a <may not be needed!>
sudo update-modules <may not be needed!>

sensors -s

Now, let's see the output
sensors

==== How to control fan speed (lm-sensors) ====
Install and config lm-sensors first, see section above. Then run pwmconfig to test your fans

pwmconfig

If you can control fan speeds, great. Now creat a file called /etc/init.d/fancontrol, and paste in the following
#!/bin/sh
#
# Fancontrol start script.
#

set -e

# Defaults
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/fancontrol
PIDFILE=/var/run/fancontrol-pid
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

test -f $DAEMON || exit 0

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

case "$1" in
start)
log_begin_msg "Starting fancontrol daemon..."
start-stop-daemon --start -o -q -m -b -p $PIDFILE -x $DAEMON
log_end_msg $?
;;
stop)
log_begin_msg "Stopping fancontrol daemon..."
start-stop-daemon --stop -o -q -p $PIDFILE
log_end_msg $?
;;
force-reload|restart)
sh $0 stop
sh $0 start
;;
*)
log_success_msg "Usage: /etc/init.d/fancontrol {start|stop|restart|force-reload}"
log_success_msg " start - starts system-wide fancontrol service"
log_success_msg " stop - stops system-wide fancontrol service"
log_success_msg " restart, force-reload - starts a new system-wide fancontrol service"
exit 1
;;
esac

exit 0

Make it excutable
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/fancontrol

Test it
/etc/init.d/fancontrol start
and
/etc/init.d/fancontrol stop

If it works fine, autoload it when you reboot. Insert the following line into /etc/rc.local, before "exit 0"
/etc/init.d/fancontrol start

==== How to show nvidia GPU temperature (nvidia-settings) ====
*Read [[#How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)]]

At a terminal, type
nvidia-settings

==== How to monitor CPU, GPU temperatures, fan speeds and voltages (GKrellM) ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

*Install lm-sensors first to monitor CPU temps, fan speed, and voltages in GKrellM. [[#How to detect CPU temperature, fan speeds and voltages (lm-sensors)]]

*Install nvidia video driver to monitor the nvidia GPU temperature. [[#How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)]]

*Install hddtemp first to monitor hard drive temperatures
sudo apt-get install hddtemp

GKrellM is a hardware monitor that can display CPU and GPU temperatures, fan speeds, voltages, CPU load, network load, disk activity, disk temperature, memory usage, and swap usage. The installation is very easy, and configuration is just a few mouse-clicks. You can set alerts to warn you if the CPU is too hot or there is a fan failure. The hddtemp utility works with GKrellM to allow it to sense the disk temperature, as keeping your disks cool (e.g. less than around 40C) will allow them to last longer than if they run continually at higher temperatures (e.g. above 50C).

sudo apt-get install gkrellm

To run the program

Click Applications -> System Tools -> GKrellM

To configure the settings,

Right click on GKrellM -> Configuration

I was struggling with lm_sensors before, but it doesn't detect all of the sensors on my computer. Later I found "GKrellM". It displays the GPU temperature on my nVidia 6600 GT out of the box. GKrellM also has plugins that show weather info, set reminders, etc.

'''Add an audio alert (optional Step):'''
Here is how to play an audio message when the CPU is too hot or a fan fails. First you need to find or record your own audio alert files. (I use Audacity to record my own.) Then go to:

Configuration -> Builtins folder (Left side)-> Sensors -> Temperatures folder (Right side)-> CPU -> Alerts Button

Paste ONE of the following lines into a Terminal window first to test the sound. If you have two sound cards, you can use "-ao oss:/dev/dsp1" option to route the sound to the second sound card. Modify the file path and name so it points to the correct file. If you can hear the sound, then copy that line to a command line text field on the GKrellM's Alerts window.

mplayer /home/myfolder/alert_messages/heat_alert.mp3
mplayer -ao oss:/dev/dsp1 /home/myfolder/alert_messages/heat_alert.mp3

==== How to identify Modem chipset ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To install Modem chipset identifier
*Read [[#How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential)]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/scanModem.gz
gunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModem
chmod +x scanModem
sudo cp scanModem /usr/bin/

*To identify Modem chipset

sudo scanModem
gedit Modem/ModemData.txt

==== How to install Windows Wireless Drivers (Ndiswrapper) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*In order to install ndiswrapper you need a copy the windows drivers for your Wireless ethernet device.
*This is only meant to be installed if your card isn't supported.
*Please visit [http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/index.php/List Official supported cards list]

*Find out if you have acx module loaded. Because acx module interferes with windows driver, we need to remove it if it is found.
lsmod | grep acx

*Remove the acx module if found. It could also be acx_pci or similar. Please Note: New kernel updates will auto load the acx module again. So repeat the following two commands every time the kernel is updated.
sudo rmmod acx
sudo mv /lib/modules/2.6.15-26-386/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/acx /root/

*Install ndiswrapper and drivers
sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils
sudo ndiswrapper -i /location_of_your_wireless_driver/your_driver.inf
sudo ndiswrapper -l
sudo modprobe ndiswrapper

*Set ndiswrapper to load on startup

sudo ndiswrapper -m
gksudo gedit /etc/modules

*Add the following module to the list

ndiswrapper

*Now you can configure your wireless card with ifconfig and iwconfig.

:''e.g. Supposing wlan0 is your wireless device.

sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid "AP" key ababababababababab mode Managed
iwconfig

*You sould now be able to see the MAC address of the access point and signal rate.

==== How to enable WPA with Ndiswrapper driver ====
*First, make sure the Ndiswrapper driver works by itself without encryption.

*Create a file called /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf, and paste in the following. Modify the ssid and psk values.
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
network={
ssid="YourWiFiSSID"
psk="YourWiFiPassword"
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
proto=WPA
pairwise=TKIP
}

*Test it. Make sure your router is broadcasting its SSID.
sudo wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -dd

*If you WPA works. Load it automatically when you reboot.
gksudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

*Change your wlan0 section to the following.

If you are using static IP:
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 192.168.1.20
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
pre-up wpa_supplicant -Bw -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
post-down killall -q wpa_supplicant

or this, if you are using dhcp.
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
pre-up wpa_supplicant -Bw -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
post-down killall -q wpa_supplicant

*Reboot

==== How to install Modem Driver (SmartLink) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

uname -r (must be 2.6.10-5-386)
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/sl-modem-modules-2.6.10-5-386_2.9.9a-1ubuntu2+2.6.10-34_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i sl-modem-modules-*.deb
sudo apt-get install sl-modem-daemon

==== How to configure PalmOS Devices ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

gksudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/10-custom.rules

*Insert the following line into the new file

BUS="usb", SYSFS{product}="Palm Handheld*", KERNEL="ttyUSB*", NAME{ignore_remove}="pilot", MODE="666"

*Save the edited file
*Add the pilot-applet to the Taskbar by Right-Clicking on an empty spot
*Follow the instructions on screen

==== How to list partition tables ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo fdisk -l

*You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks

==== How to list filesystem disk space usage ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

df -Th

*You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks

==== How to list mounted devices ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

mount

==== How to list PCI devices ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

lspci

==== How to list USB devices ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

lsusb

==== How to stop default sound card from changing ====

If you have more than one sound card on your PC, the default sound card will keep changing everytime you reboot. I finally found a solution that really works. Here is the link to the original article -
[http://knowledge76.com/index.php/Guide_to_Sound_Problems#Configuring_default_soundcards_.2F_stopping_soundcards_from_switching Guide to sound problems]

Basically, you first need to find module names of your sound cards
cat /proc/asound/modules

Then edit this file
sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base

Append the following at the end, replace snd-C, snd-A, snd-B with the real module names.
options snd-C index=0
options snd-A index=1
options snd-B index=2

Reboot.

==== How to install a scanner that uses parallel port ====

Here is a list of scanners that works using the following steps
HP ScanJet 5100C

Follow these steps to install the kernel module needed to use the scanner.
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r` module-assistant

sudo module-assistant prepare
sudo module-assistant get ppscsi
sudo module-assistant unpack ppscsi
sudo module-assistant build ppscsi
sudo module-assistant install ppscsi

Before running xsane to scan, do this
sudo modprobe epst

Append "epst" (without quotes) as a new line at the end of the file /etc/modules to load the epst module automatically next time you reboot.

==== How to install a USB scanner ====

Many USB scanners "just work" when you connect them to your PC through USB. Some are not recognized, though. Here are steps to fix the problem.

===== Make sure your userid is set correctly=====

Make sure your user ID is allowed to use the USB port. In the shell, type
id
and check that it lists the "scanner" group. For example;

$ id
uid=1501(syskoll) gid=1002(syskoll)
groups=4(adm),20(dialout),21(fax),24(cdrom),25(floppy),26(tape),29(audio),30(dip),44(video),46(plugdev),106(lpadmin),
110(scanner),112(admin),1002(syskoll)
$

If not, go to System > Administration > Users and Groups, select your user, click the "Properties" button, and in the "Users priviledge" tab, select the "Allowed to use scanner" option.

=====Install the correct drivers: Epson Perfection V200 Photo example=====

Some scanners are not supported out of the box by the SANE subsystem, which manages scanners on Linux. Your manufacturer might provide drivers, though. For example, for the Epson Perfection V200 Photo scanner, I had to download the drivers from the Avasys web site.

Go to http://www.avasys.jp/english/linux_e/dl_scan.html and download the latest driver version.

The drivers are supplied in RPM format, so we'll use alien to convert them to Debian packages for Ubuntu. You might have to install alien first. In my case, the latest versions of the required packages were:
* iscan-2.8.0-1.c2.i386.rpm
* iscan-plugin-gt-f670-2.0.0-1.c2.i386.rpm

Let's convert them to deb packages:

sudo alien iscan-2.8.0-1.c2.i386.rpm
sudo alien iscan-plugin-gt-f670-2.0.0-1.c2.i386.rpm

This produces two deb packages. Installation:

sudo dpkg --install iscan_2.8.0-2_i386.deb
sudo dpkg --install iscan-plugin-gt-f670_2.0.0-2_i386.deb

If you get an error message about a conflict with a libsane library, you must remove the libsane-extras package:

sudo apt-get remove libsane-extras

=====Setting up USB=====

Now, verify that the scanner is a known USB device. First, do an lsusb in the shell. You should see your scanner. Example:

$ lsusb
... Several lines removed ...
Bus 003 Device 015: ID 04b8:012e Seiko Epson Corp.
... Several lines removed ...
$

Notice the ID here? 04b8 is the vendor identification, and 012e is the product identification. Make a note of these numbers for your scanner.

Now check in the /etc/udev/rules.d/45-libsane.rules file that your scanner is listed. For example:

$ grep Epson /etc/udev/rules.d/45-libsane.rules

If the command doesn't show your exact model, you can simply insert the right line in the file. Open the file with your favorite editor, but first make a backup to your home dir:

$ cp /etc/udev/rules.d/45-libsane.rules $HOME
$ sudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/45-libsane.rules

and go to the Epson section. Somewhere here, insert lines such as those :
# Epson Corp.|Perfection V200 Photo
SYSFS{idVendor}=="04b8", SYSFS{idProduct}=="012e", MODE="664", GROUP="scanner"

The first line is a comment, the second describes your scanner.

The idVendor and idProduct are the vendor and product identification numbers returned by the lsusb command (see above). Plug in the numbers for your own scanner. Make sure you don't alter the rest of the line, especially the quotes, braces and equal signs.

* Save the /etc/udev/rules.d/45-libsane.rules file/
* If you want to be exyta-carefule, compare the newly edited file with your backup copy and make sure the only changed line is the one you changed:

$ diff /etc/udev/rules.d/45-libsane.rules ~
322,323d321
< # Epson Corp.|Perfection V200 Photo
< SYSFS{idVendor}=="04b8", SYSFS{idProduct}=="012e", MODE="664", GROUP="scanner"
$

* Restart the udev subsystem:
$ sudo /etc/init.d/udev restart

=====Verify your scanner is found=====

Use the scanimage command to check that your scanner is found:

$ scanimage -L
device `epkowa:libusb:003:015' is a Epson Perfection V200 flatbed scanner

=====Scan away=====

I use xsane for example. It works fine.

==== How to speed up CD/DVD-ROM ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom
sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

/dev/cdrom {
dma = on
}

*Save the edited file

==== How to mount/unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually, and show all hidden and associated files/folders ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

*To mount CD/DVD-ROM

sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide

*To unmount CD/DVD-ROM

sudo umount /media/cdrom0/

==== How to forcefully unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

sudo umount /media/cdrom0/ -l

==== How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo mount -a

==== How to install a Wacom tablet ====

'''For a detailed guide with screenshots about how to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications, please follow the official Dapper guide at https://wiki.ubuntu.com//Wacom '''

''With the version of the Linux Wacom driver (0.7.2) in Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake, if you unplug you tablet, it won't function when you plug it back in and you will have to restart X. For this reason, it is best to leave the tablet plugged in. This limitation will be removed when the 0.7.4 version of the driver is included in Ubuntu.''

*Read [[#General Notes]]

* 1. Using Synaptic package manager1, check if the packages xserver-xorg-input-wacom and wacom-tools are already installed - if not, install them. If you prefer using the command line, you can also execute :

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-wacom wacom-tools

* 2. Save a copy of your /etc/X11/xorg.conf :

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup

* then edit it with the command line :

gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

* and change all /dev/wacom occurences into /dev/input/wacom (created by wacom-tools udev scripts), then save the file.

*You should be ready to go after you have restarted X. Remember to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications (Gimp, Inkscape), however you can already check if it's working by moving your stylus on the tablet : the mouse cursor should go through the whole screen.

==== How to enable Multicore Support ====

* This should work for both Multicore systems and SMP systems

sudo apt-get install linux-686-smp

* You can check that this works by running the following and seeing two CPUs listed

cat /proc/cpuinfo

==== How to enable Large Widescreen Support ====

*24/23" widescreen monitors sometimes have issues running 1920x1200.
*Examples include: Dell 2405, HP 2335 or an Apple Cinema Display.

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Add the following line to the appropriate "Monitor" section

Modeline "1920x1200" 154 1920 1968 2000 2080 1200 1203 1209 1235

*For example the HP2335 should now look like:

Section "Monitor"
Identifier "hp L2335"
Option "DPMS"
Modeline "1920x1200" 154 1920 1968 2000 2080 1200 1203 1209 1235
EndSection

== CD/DVD Burning ==

==== How to blank CD-RW/DVD-RW ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

sudo umount /dev/cdrom
cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast

==== How to burn files/folders into CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

nautilus burn:///

*File Browser: CD/DVD Creator

*Drag files/folders into window

File Menu -> Write to Disc... -> Write

==== How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

Right click on Image (ISO) file -> Write to Disc... -> Write

==== How to duplicate CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD]]
*Read [[#How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD]]

==== How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

sudo umount /dev/cdrom
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=file.iso bs=1024

==== How to create Image (ISO) files from folders ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

mkisofs -o file.iso /location_of_folder/

==== How to generate MD5 checksum files ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5

==== How to check MD5 checksum of files ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that file.iso and file.iso.md5 are in the same folder''

md5sum -c file.iso.md5

==== How to mount/unmount Image (ISO) files without burning ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To mount Image (ISO) file

sudo mkdir /media/iso
sudo modprobe loop
sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop

*To unmount Image (ISO) file

sudo umount /media/iso/

==== How to set/change the burn speed for CD/DVD Burner ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> default_speed (set/change the burn speed)

==== How to enable burnproof for CD/DVD Burner ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> burnproof ('''Checked''')

==== How to enable overburn for CD/DVD Burner ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> overburn ('''Checked''')

== Networking ==

==== How to configure Google Talk ====

*See the answer at [http://www.google.com/support/talk/bin/answer.py?answer=24073 Google Talk Help Center]

==== How to activate/deactivate network connections ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> Activate/Deactivate

==== How to configure network connections ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> '''Properties'''
Connection -> Enable this connection ('''Checked''')
Connection Settings -> Configuration: Select "DHCP/Static IP address"

DNS Tab -> DNS Servers -> Add/Delete

*Read [[#How to activate/deactivate network connections]]

==== How to configure dialup connections ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*To configure dialup

sudo pppconfig

*To connect dialup

sudo pon provider_name

*To disconnect dialup

sudo poff

==== How to configure broadband connections ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo pppoeconf

==== How to change computer name ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

General Tab -> Host Settings -> Hostname: Specify the computer name

*Save and close all opened applications, Reboot computer

==== How to change computer descriptions ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
...

*Replace with the following line

server string = new_computer_descriptions

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to change computer Domain/Workgroup ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
workgroup = MSHOME
...

*Replace with the following line

workgroup = new_domain_or_workgroup

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Register free Dynamic DNS at http://www.dyndns.com/services/dns/dyndns

sudo apt-get install ipcheck
gksudo gedit /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh

*Insert the following lines into the new file
<pre>
#!/bin/sh

USERNAME=myusername
PASSWORD=mypassword
HOSTNAME=myhostname.dyndns.org

cd /root/
if [ -f /root/ipcheck.dat ]; then
ipcheck -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
else
ipcheck --makedat -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
fi
</pre>
*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh
sudo sh /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh

==== How to share folders the easy way ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

Right click on folder -> Share folder

Shared folder -> Share with: Select "SMB"
Share properties -> Name: Specify the share name

==== How to browse network computers ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' If computers or network folders could not be found, try access them directly''
:'' Read [[#How to access network folders without mounting]]''

*Places -> Network Servers

==== How to access network folders without mounting ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''

*Press 'Alt+F2' (Run Application...) and enter:

smb://192.168.0.1/linux

==== How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

*To mount network folder

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword

*To unmount network folder

sudo umount /media/sharename/

==== How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

*To mount network folder

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword,dmask=777,fmask=777

*To unmount network folder

sudo umount /media/sharename/

==== How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
gksudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials

*Insert the following lines into the new file

username=myusername
password=mypassword

*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

//192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename smbfs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
gksudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials

*Insert the following lines into the new file

username=myusername
password=mypassword

*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

//192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename smbfs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials,dmask=777,fmask=777 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to get ipw2200 and wpa to work ====

*See [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=130227p=423584 Ubuntuforuns.org how-tos]

==== How to get RalinkRT2500 and wpa to work ====

*See [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/Driver/RalinkRT2500 This page]

==== How to Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Use [http://pptpclient.sourceforge.net/howto-ubuntu.phtml these instructions] to automatically install PPTP Client
:'''OR'''
*Install manually

wget -c http://linux.edu.lv/uploads/content/pptp.tar.gz
tar zxvf pptp.tar.gz
sudo sh ./pptp/install

*To configure PPTP Client

gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/pptpconfig.desktop

*Replace content of this file with the following lines

[Desktop Entry]
Name=PPTP Client
Comment=Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN)
Categories=Application;Network
Encoding=UTF-8
Exec=gksudo pptpconfig
Icon=gnome-remote-desktop.png
StartupNotify=true
Terminal=false
Type=Application

*The above lines change the default file in three ways: the application is placed in the Application/Internet category, gksudo will make the application run as superuser and we put a nice icon that appears in the menu.
*Start the client with ''Applications -> Internet -> PPTP Client''

==== How to Configure Ubuntu/Kubuntu with WPA using Network-Manager ====
Ubuntu Dapper in typical cases can configure WPA to work out of the box with minimal hassle. You'll need to install network-manager.

For Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install network-manager-gnome

For Kubuntu (will install knetworkmanager):

sudo apt-get install network-manager-kde

Logout/Reboot.

Ubuntu users should now see the NetworkManager Applet in the Gnome notification area. Kubuntu users will probably have to run <tt>knetworkmanager</tt> before they see NetworkManager in the systray.

If instead, you get a "The NetworkManager applet could not find some required resources. It cannot continue." message, then:

sudo gtk-update-icon-cache -f /usr/share/icons/hicolor

Once Network-Manager is installed, click on the NM icon in the notification area (default is at the top right of Ubuntu/Gnome). Choose your network, then enter your passphrase. Type a password for the keyring, and you're set.

If you don't see your network, click "Create New Wireless Network...", type your essid/networkname, then choose "WPA Personal" for wireless security.

*Note: If you installed Kubuntu then installed ubuntu-desktop & network-manager-gnome, you may not be able to use network-manager in Gnome, if at all. In this case, you may have to use WPA Supplicant and do some manual editing of conf files to get WPA up and running.

*Note: When you first log into Gnome/KDE, the keyring application will ask for a password. Future revisions of Network-Manager should resolve this.

== Remote Login via XDMCP ==
==== What is XDMCP? ====
GNOME windows can support several different users simultaniously. Unlike vncviewer that just duplicates the current screen on a remote system, XDMCP allows several different users to login and run different GNOME sessions at the same time. So if you have a fast computer runing Ubuntu, several users can use their slow machines to login and run heavy applications only available on the fast machine.

==== How to turn on the XDMCP feature ====
To turn on the XDMCP feature on the fast computer, click the menu
System -> Administration -> Login Window

In the Login Window Preferences dialog window, select
Remote Tab -> Style: Same as Local -> Close the dialog window -> Restart the PC

==== How to login from another PC running Ubuntu ====
1. Reboot the slow PC and stop at the login screen
2. Click Options at the lower left corner of the login screen
3. Select "Remote Login via XDMCP"
4. On the dialog window, type in the host name or ip of the fast computer you want to login to

== Remote Desktop Sharing/Duplication via VNC ==

==== How to configure remote desktop (not secure) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''Warning! Remote Desktop will only work if there's a GNOME or KDE login session''
:'' Leaving computer with an unattended GNOME or KDE login session is not secure''
:'' Use (System -> Lock Screen) and switch off the monitor when computer is left unattended''

'''UBUNTU (or GNOME desktop) users:'''

*System -> Preferences -> Remote Desktop
*Remote Desktop Preferences

Sharing ->
Allow other users to view your desktop ('''Checked''')
Allow other users to control your desktop ('''Checked''')

Security ->
Ask you for confirmation (Un-Checked)
Require the user to enter this password: ('''Checked''')
Password: Specify the password

'''KUBUNTU (or KDE desktop) users:'''

*K Menu -> System Settings -> Internet & Network -> Sharing
*Desktop Sharing

Access tab ->
Allow uninvited connections ('''Checked''')
Allow uninvited connections to control the desktop ('''Checked''')
Password: Specify the password

==== How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop''
:'' Read [[#How to configure remote desktop (not secure)]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

vncviewer -fullscreen 192.168.0.1:0

*To quit vncviewer

Press 'F8' -> Quit viewer

==== How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop''
:'' Read [[#How to configure remote desktop (not secure)]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

*If you have a router remember to open the appropiate port. The default one is 5900
:'' This process is called port forwarding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding port forwarding]

*Download DotNetVNC: [http://dotnetvnc.sourceforge.net/ Here] or RealVNC [http://www.realvnc.com/ Here]
:'' this is a free DotNet version that require the DotNet framework available from microsoft [http://msdn.microsoft.com/netframework/ here]
:'' The RealVNC website was created and maintained by the original developers of VNC during their time at AT&T. RealVNC comes in Free, Personal, and Enterprise editions - the latter two costing money.

*Open the VNC client you have chosen, and insert the connection string formatted like this <LINUX BOX IP><:DESKTOP NUMBER>|<::PORT>
:'' In example use: 192.168.1.2:0 or 192.168.1.2::5900 to connect to desktop 0, to connect to desktop 1 use 192.168.1.2:1 or 192.168.1.2::5901 and so on

==== How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop via OSX ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop''
:'' Read [[#How to configure remote desktop (not secure)]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

*If you have a router remember to open the appropiate port the default one is 5900
:'' This process is called port forwarding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding port forwarding]

*Download ChickenOfTheVNC: [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ Here]

*Open ChickenOfTheVNC, and insert the host (IP adress of remote machine), the display number (0 is default and is port 5900) and the password.
:'' In example use: Host: 192.168.0.1, Display 0, Password: password

== Remote Desktop Access via NX ==

==== How to install and configure NX server ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

:''NX is much faster than VNC, even on low-bandwidth connections, and uses ssh, so connections are much more secure than under VNC. However, it opens a desktop as a separate session, rather than sharing a desktop with a remote user. The upside of this is that a remote user and a local user can be using the system simultaneously and not interfere with each other's sessions. The downside is that NX cannot be used for desktop sharing, where both the local and remote user see the same desktop.

:''The following instructions will install the free version of NX server from Nomachine. We do NOT recommend attempting to use FreeNX (open source) server at this time, because of the difficulty many users have had in getting it to work. Should it become easier to install FreeNX and to get it working reliably, we may modify these instructions accordingly.

:''PLEASE NOTE: If you have previously attempted to install NX or FreeNX and could not get it to work, you MUST uninstall it, along with any other packages you installed solely for the purpose of getting it running. That also applies if you've installed any of the Nomachine servers or clients. Search for any NX directories that have been created and delete those (make sure it's a directory that was actually created during the NX or FreeNX install). This is to clean your system of all traces of the former installation, which is essential for a successful installation. The same applies to any client software you've installed on machines, if it's not the exact software described below. Also, if you have added any FreeNX repositories to your /etc/apt/sources.list, please remove them.''

*Using Synaptic or Adept, install the ssh package. '''The installation will fail if ssh is not installed.'''

*Download the following three files:

"NX Desktop Server DEB for Linux" from [http://www.nomachine.com/select-package.php?os=linux&id=1]
"NX Node DEB for Linux" from [http://www.nomachine.com/download-node.php?os=linux]
"NX Client DEB for Linux" from [http://www.nomachine.com/download-client-linux.php]

*Install the files in the order shown below by right clicking on them and installing them, or using a package manager, or from the command line you could do '''sudo dpkg -i file/path/filename.deb''' for each file. Install them in this order:

nxclient
nxnode
nxserver

*Using a text editor in root mode, edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file (for example, '''sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config''' in a terminal window) and add this line exactly as shown:

AuthorizedKeysFile /usr/NX/home/nx/.ssh/authorized_keys2

*In a terminal window, '''sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart''' to restart sshd.

*Test the NX server by entering '''sudo /usr/NX/bin/nxserver --status''' in a terminal window. This should return:

NX> 900 Connecting to server ..
NX> 110 NX Server is running.

NX> 999 Bye.

NOTE: If the above command doesn't work, try executing it again at a root prompt. That is execute '''sudo su''' to get yourself a root prompt then enter the command '''/usr/NX/bin/nxserver --status''' (don't forget to exit the root prompt with '''exit''')

*Highly recommended for security reasons: In root mode, edit /usr/NX/etc/server.cfg and change the following two lines to the values shown:

ENABLE_AUTOKILL_SESSIONS = "1"
ENABLE_UNENCRYPTED_SESSION = "0"

*Also highly recommended for security reasons: In root mode, edit /usr/NX/etc/node.cfg and change the following line to the value shown:

ENABLE_UNENCRYPTED_SESSION = "0"

*You should check the subdirectories of the /usr/NX/var/db directory every now and then clean out any leftover files pertaining to old sessions. We hope future revisions of the NX server will clean these up automatically. Always properly logging out of a session will reduce the number of such "leftovers."

=== Installing and configuring NX client software ===

*Read [[#General Notes]]

*On a Linux system, install the '''latest''' NX client for your distribution, available at [http://www.nomachine.com/download-client-linux.php]. On a Windows system, install the '''latest''' NX Client for Windows, available at [http://www.nomachine.com/download-client-windows.php] N.B. You do '''not''' need to download or install any additional font files (except under very unusual circumstances). For a Mac OSX or Solaris client, see the NX Software download page at [http://www.nomachine.com/download.php].

*Create a new session using the "connection wizard", then check the following items in the configuration and modify them as necessary.

*Under the General tab, Desktop section, set to "Unix" and "KDE" (if you use Kubuntu) or "Gnome" (if you use Ubuntu). Set the slider to the appropriate connection type (probably LAN for most users, where the Kubuntu/Ubuntu box is on your local network - don't forget to change this if you move to a different connection type). Under Display, set it to "Fullscreen" (for best image quality) and default image encoding.

*Under the Advanced tab, check "Enable SSL encryption of all traffic" (if you made the "highly recommended" file edits above).

*Under the Services tab, you can try checking "Enable multimedia support" - this MAY allow you to hear sound from the system you are connecting to. Because this is streamed over the network, don't expect perfection. And if you use Kubuntu or the KDE desktop, you might not hear anything at all.

*Windows client only: Normal behavior of the NX client on a Windows system is that if you press '''alt-tab''' or '''alt-shift-tab''', it will switch you to another window on your local machine, rather than allowing you to walk through the windows on your Kubuntu or Ubuntu system. If you find that objectionable, you can download and install the NX Client Utility (note this is not the same as the NX client) from the page at [http://ssrini.netfirms.com/]. Use Release Version 1 rather than Beta Version 2, unless you have some real specific need to run the Beta version, because the Release Version is more reliable. In order for the NX Client Utility to work, you'll have to set up '''alternate''' key mappings for "Walk Through Windows" and for "Walk Through Windows (Reverse)" (be sure that the NX Client Utility is running while you do this). The '''alternate''' key mappings are as follows:

Walk Through Windows - alt-/ (user presses alt-tab)
Walk Through Windows (Reverse) - alt-? (user presses alt-shift-tab)

*If you need to power down the remote machine (only recommended when someone is, or will be physically present to restart it when necessary), open a terminal window and enter '''sudo shutdown -h +2''' - this will give you two minutes to log out of your session before the machine begins to power down. You should always log out of your session to avoid leaving "orphaned" session information in the subdirectories under /usr/NX/var/db on your hard drive.

== Windows ==

==== How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (NTFS) manually, and allow all users to read only ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

*To mount Windows partition

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222

*To unmount Windows partition

sudo umount /media/windows/

==== How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (FAT) manually, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

*To mount Windows partition

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000

*To unmount Windows partition

sudo umount /media/windows/

==== How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow all users to read only ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

/dev/hda1 /media/windows ntfs nls=utf8,umask=0222 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to mount Windows partitions (FAT) on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

/dev/hda1 /media/windows vfat iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow users read and write access ====

Warning: Ntfs writing support is still experimental. You should not enable it on production machines and/or volumes you don't have backups of. Proceed at your own risk!

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo apt-get install libfuse2 fuse-utils

*Download the latest ntfsprogs package (these are from the Dapper repositories, so they are safe to install.)

[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-ntfs/libntfs8_1.12.1-1_i386.deb libntfs8]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-ntfs/ntfsprogs_1.12.1-1_i386.deb ntfsprogs]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/fuse/libfuse2_2.4.2-0ubuntu3_i386.deb libfuse2]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/f/fuse/fuse-utils_2.4.2-0ubuntu3_i386.deb fuse-utils]

*64bit versions of the above.

[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-ntfs/libntfs8_1.12.1-1_amd64.deb libntfs8]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-ntfs/ntfsprogs_1.12.1-1_amd64.deb ntfsprogs]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/fuse/libfuse2_2.4.2-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb libfuse2]
[http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/f/fuse/fuse-utils_2.4.2-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb fuse-utils]

*Install the downloaded packages

sudo dpkg -i libfuse2_*.deb fuse-utils_*.deb ntfsprogs_*.deb libntfs8_*.deb

*Add fuse to the list of modules to load

echo fuse | sudo tee -a /etc/modules

*Create a user group to access the ntfs disks

sudo addgroup ntfs

*The output should look something like this, remember the GID (the number printed after the group name) as it may differ and we will need it later:

:''Adding group `ntfs' (1002)...''
:''Done.''

*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

*Create the local mount folder and edit the fstab file to mount the disks to this folder.

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file, using the GID number previously. The umask following this GID allows write access just to owner (root) and group (ntfs), and read access to everyone.

/dev/hda1 /media/windows ntfs-fuse auto,gid=1002,umask=0002 0 0

*Save the edited file.

*Add users to the ntfs group, where "username" is the name of the user you would like to have write access

sudo adduser username ntfs

*Fix Dapper [https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+source/linux-ntfs/+bug/29865 bug #29865] of the linux-ntfs package:

sudo rm /sbin/mount.ntfs-fuse && sudo ln /usr/bin/ntfsmount /sbin/mount.ntfs-fuse

*If you reboot now, the disk will be writable to the selected users when they logon. If you want the changes to take effect immediately without rebooting, execute the following command, ignoring the errors about "/" and others not being unmounted. You'll have to logout from all your user sessions for the new group to be acknowledged (usually a logout from your graphical session and login back again will do it).

sudo modprobe fuse && sudo umount -a && sudo mount -a

*Further troubleshooting is listed at this [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=142481 comprehensive howto thread].

== Security ==

==== What are the basic things I need to know about securing my Ubuntu ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Ensure hard drive is first in BIOS boot-up sequence
**To prevent trespassers from using Linux Installation CD which allows them to gain root user access
**To prevent trespassers from using Linux Live CD (e.g. UBUNTU/KNOPPIX/MEPIS) which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive
**To prevent trespassers from installing another Operating System
*Ensure a password is set for BIOS
**To prevent trespassers from changing the BIOS boot-up sequence
*Ensure computer is located at a secured place
**To prevent trespassers from removing computer's hard drive which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive from a different computer
**To prevent trespassers from removing computer's on-board battery which resets the BIOS password
*Ensure passwords used on the system cannot be easily guessed
**To prevent trespassers from cracking password file using brute force attacks (e.g. John the Ripper)
**Create password with minimum length of 8 characters
**Create password with mixture of characters/numbers, and upper/lower case
**Not create a password with just a single or just a typical union of main languages (english, german, french, spanish...) dictionary words
*Ensure interactive editing control for GRUB menu is disabled
**To prevent trespassers from modifying kernel boot-up arguments which allows them to have root user access
**Read [[#How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu]]
*Ensure history listing is disabled in Console mode
**To prevent trespassers from seeing previously issued commands
**Read [[#How to disable history listing in Console mode]]
*Ensure Ctrl+Alt+Del is disabled in Console mode
**To prevent trespassers from restarting the system without permission in Console mode
**Read [[#How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode]]
*Ensure interactive option is set for remove, copy and move of files/folders in Console mode
**To prevent accidental removal/overwritten of files/folders
**Read [[#How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode]]
*For day to day usage, login as a normal user
**To prevent accidental deletion/modification of system files/folders
**Read [[#How to add/edit/delete system users]]
*Disable root user account, use "sudo" instead
**To reduce the amount of time spent with root privileges, and thus the risk of inadvertently executing a command as root
**"sudo" provides a more useful audit trail (/var/log/auth.log)
**Read [[#How to disable root user account]]
*Install a Firewall
**A firewall does not guarantee security but it is in most environments the first line of defense against network based attacks
**Read [[#How to install Firewall (Firestarter)]]
*Perform vulnerability test
**Nessus is a great tool designed to automate the testing and discovery of known security problems
**Read [[#How to install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus)]]

==== How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

*Run This:
grub-md5-crypt

Password:
Retype password:
$1$tumnZ1$xB/shuXs7MlawZXkLiBDV/

*Backup your current configuration file
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
gksudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this section

...
## password ['--md5'] passwd
# If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing
# control (menu entry editor and command-line) and entries protected by the
# command 'lock'
# e.g. password topsecret
# password --md5 $1$tumnZ1$xB/shuXs7MlawZXkLiBDV/
# password topsecret
...

*Add the following line below it

password --md5 $1$tumnZ1$xB/shuXs7MlawZXkLiBDV/ (encrypted password above)

*Find the section(s) that look like this (note the 'recovery mode' and the word 'single'):

...
title Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro single
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386
savedefault
boot
...

*Add lock between the title and root lines:

...
title Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
lock
root (hd0,1)
...

*Save the edited file
This will make it so your grub console will require a password to edit the lines, and the recovery modes won't work unless the password is typed. To access the other grub options at the menu, follow the instructions at the bottom of the screen. It will be something like pressing '''p''' and typing your password.

==== How to disable history listing in Console mode ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*From [http://gentoo-wiki.com/SECURITY_Adjusting_The_Way_Bash_History_Funtions Gentoo Wiki]:
rm -f .bash_history
gedit ~/.bash_profile

*Add the following:
export HISTFILESIZE=4
unset HISTFILE=5

# Change this to a reasonable number of lines to save, I like to save only 100.
export HISTSIZE=1

# Ignores duplicate lines next to each other
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups

This will disable Bash history for the user, retaining keystroke history and recall to use while limiting recall history to 100 lines. This will also not record duplicate lines next to each other.

==== How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /etc/inittab /etc/inittab_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/inittab

*Find this line

...
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
...

*Replace with the following line

#ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

*Save the edited file

sudo telinit q

==== How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

sudo cp /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

*Append the following lines at the end of file

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'

*Save the edited file

==== How to setup a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lojack LoJack] system for your laptop ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service]]

'''What:''' Quote from Wikipedia: "LoJack is an aftermarket vehicle tracking system that allows cars to be tracked by police after being stolen. The manufacturer claims a 90% recovery rate. The name "LoJack" is a play on the word "hijack," meaning the theft of a vehicle through force."

'''Why:''' If your laptop is ever stolen and connected to the Internet. You will be able to find out from what IP it connects to the Internet from and contact the authorities.

'''How:'''

* Get a free dynamic IP account from one of the many providers. Here we will use [https://www.dyndns.com/ DynDNS].

* Install ddclient. In the section [[#How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service]] we installed the package ''ipcheck'', here we prefer to use ''ddclient'' because it can get the IP from an external source on the Internet instead of getting it from a network adapter.

sudo apt-get install ddclient

* Edit the configuration file ''/etc/ddclient.conf'' using you favorite text editor (emacs, gedit, kedit or even vi)

sudo emacs /etc/ddclient.conf

* Make it look like this:

# Configuration file for ddclient generated by debconf
#
# /etc/ddclient.conf
pid=/var/run/ddclient.pid
protocol=dyndns2
use=web
server=members.dyndns.org
login=YourNameHere
pa

Ubuntu dapper - Revision history

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