Ubuntu dapper es PR

Eljaco — Fri, 16 Jun 2006 01:27:05 GMT

Eljaco:

http://ubuntuguide.org/images/b/b2/Ubuntuguide_logo.png
== Guía no oficial para Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) ==

Esta guía http://ubuntuguide.org/ fue iniciada por [[User:Jiyuu0|Chua Wen Kiat]] (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). Actualmente es mantenida por el Linux Center of University of Latvia y todos aquellos que quieran contribuir.

Contribuidores: [[User:Orvils|orvils]], [[User:Cargo|Cargo]], [[User:Quash|Quash]], [[User:Byte|Byte]], [[User:Krampo|krampo]], [[User:Simos|Simos]], [[User:Stubby|stubby]], [[User:Manicka|Manicka]], [[User:Eljaco|eljaco]] ...

Desafortunadamente, a causa de [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_vandalism wiki-vandalism], sólo usuarios registrados pueden modificar este wiki y sólo usuarios registrados pueden crear cuentas nuevas. Si desea unirse al grupo de usuarios registrados y ayudar, déjeme saber (en inglés) [ orvils _at_ gmail _dot_ com ] o (en español) [ eljaco _at_ gmail _dot_ com ]. No se olvide decir que nombre de usuario desea.

----
Versiones previas: [[Ubuntu | Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)]]
----

----
Traducciones: [[Ubuntu_dapper_pl | Polski]] • [[Ubuntu_pt_BR | Português do Brasil]] • [[Ubuntu_dapper_pt | Português]] • [[Ubuntu_dapper_tr| Türkçe]]

:''En progreso: [[Ubuntu_dapper_de| German]]; [[Ubuntu_dapper_es_PR| Español de Puerto Rico]]''

----

__TOC__

== Notas generales ==

#Esto es una guía no oficial para Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake). No está asociado con Ubuntu y Canonical Ltd.
#La guía fue probada en una instalación completa del Ubuntu 6.06 x86 Install CD (Dapper Drake)
#Si usted ve una caja azul, esto significa que usted tiene que ejecutar los comandos en el modo terminal (Applications -> System Tools -> Terminal) o usar el contenido en la caja de acuerdo a otras instrucciones mencionadas.
#Para reducir errores de escritura, copie y pegue los comandos en el modo terminal (seleccione los comandos y oprima el botón derecho de su mouse -> seleccione "Copy" o "Paste". Además, puede usar Ctrl+C para copiar texto seleccionado y Shift+Insert para pegarlo).
#"sudo" significa "superuser do" o superusuario haga. "sudo" le pedirá su contraseña ("Password:"). Por favor entre su contraseña cuando se lo pida.
#Si desea más información sobre cualquier comando, simplemente mire el "man page" o el manual usando el comando "man <comando>". Por ejemplo, "man sudo" le enseñará el manual para el comando "sudo".
#Si está cansado de escribir "apt-get" todo el tiempo, lea [[#How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)]]
#"apt-get" y "wget" requieren conección al Internet para instalar, actualizar, o descargar programas.
#Para descargar un archivo, oprima el botón derecho del mouse sobre el enlaze -> seleccione "Save Link As..." -> esté seguro que el nombre del archivo y su extensión (i.e. *.txt, *.tar, *.bin) están correctos
#Si desea ayudar traduciendo Ubuntu a su lenguaje nativo or a ayudar Ubuntu en cualquier manera, visite https://launchpad.net/
#Que el espíritu "humanidad a otros" esté con usted siempre...

:Si está usando Kubuntu, necesita instalar Gedit

sudo apt-get install gedit

:O remplaze 'gedit' con 'kwrite', por ejemplo, en vez de escribir

sudo gedit /etc/apt/soureces.list

:Escriba

sudo kwrite /etc/apt/sources.list

:''Si está usando la versión de 64-bit, remplaze "i386" con "amd64"''

== Comenzando ==

==== Qué es Ubuntu ====

*http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

==== Qué es nuevo en Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake ====

*http://www.ubuntu.com/testing/dapperbeta

==== Dónde ver screenshots de Ubuntu ====
* http://shots.osdir.com/slideshows/slideshow.php?release=659&slide=4&title=ubuntu+6.06+screenshots
* http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=481&num=1
:'''Vídeos'''
* http://osvids.com/index.html

==== Dónde encontrar la lista de todos los programas o bibliotecas que vienen con Ubuntu ====

*Resultado de dpkg -l: [http://packages.ubuntu.com/dapper/allpackages.en.txt.gz Aquí]
*http://packages.ubuntu.com/dapper
*http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu

==== Dónde descargar Ubuntu ====

*http://releases.ubuntu.com/6.06/

==== Dónde ordenar discos compactos de Ubuntu completamente GRATIS ====

*http://shipit.ubuntu.com

==== Dónde encontrar ayuda para Ubuntu ====

*Vea: ''System -> Help -> System Documentation''
*[http://help.ubuntu.com/ Sitio de documentación oficial]
*[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UserDocumentation Documentación oficial del usuario (wiki)]
*[http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/Main_Page Facilidad del almacenaje del documento de Ubuntu]
*[http://www.ubuntu.com/community/lists Listas]
*[http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums Foros]
*[irc://irc.freenode.net/ubuntu Canal IRC]

==== Dónde buscar programas nuevos ====

* http://gnomefiles.org/
* http://www.kde-apps.org/
* [http://freshmeat.net/browse/18/ http://freshmeat.net]
* http://sourceforge.net/

==== Dónde buscar elementos de estilo para su desktop ====

* http://gnome-look.org/
* http://art.gnome.org/
== Repositories ==

==== Cómo añadir extra repositories ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]
*También puede [[#How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic) | add extra repositories using the Synaptic Package Manager]]. Puede que usuarios nuevos encuentren que añadir extra repositories sea más user-friendly através del Package Manager. Si sigue el enlaze previo, no tiene que seguir el resto de esta recomendación.

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

*Remplaze todo el archivo con las líneas siguientes

## Añada commentarios (##) frente a cualquier línea para que no sea procesada.
## Use el siguiente sources.list a su propio riesgo.

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse

## ACTUALIZACIONES PARA ARREGLOS MAYORES producidos después del release final
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse

## ACTUALIZACIONES DE SEGURIDAD PARA UBUNTU
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse

## BACKPORTS REPOSITORY (Unsupported. Puede contener paquetes ilegales. Use a su propio riesgo.)
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## PLF REPOSITORY (Unsupported. Puede contener paquetes ilegales. Use a su propio riesgo.)
deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf dapper free non-free

*Guarde el archivo editado

sudo apt-get update

* También puede generar su propio sources.list: http://www.ubuntulinux.nl/source-o-matic
: ''Sólo use su propio archivo sources.list si entiende lo que está haciendo''

== Actualizaciones para Ubuntu ==

==== Cómo actualizar Ubuntu manualmente ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]
*Lea [[#Cómo añadir extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

== Aplicacoines Add-On ==

==== Cómo instalar Clipboard Daemon para GNOME ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf gnome-clipboard-daemon-1.0.bin.tar.bz2 -C /usr/bin/
sudo chown root:root /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/gnome-clipboard-daemon
sudo gnome-clipboard-daemon &
export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e

*Añada la línea siguiente al final del archivo

@reboot gnome-clipboard-daemon

*Guarde el archivo editado

==== Cómo instalar el J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) con Plug-in para Mozilla Firefox ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]
*Lea [[#Cómo añadir extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin
echo 3 | sudo update-alternatives --config java

*Cuando le pregunte, lea y accepte los términos de la licencia DLJ

==== Cómo instalar el Flash Player (Macromedia Flash) Plug-in para Mozilla Firefox ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]
*Lea [[#Cómo añadir extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
sudo update-flashplugin

*Reinicie Mozilla Firefox

==== Cómo instalar ell PDF Reader (Adobe Reader) con Plug-in para Mozilla Firefox ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]
*Lea [[#Cómo añadir extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install acroread
sudo apt-get install mozilla-acroread
sudo apt-get install acroread-plugins

*Lea [[#Cómo refresh el GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Office -> Adobe Reader
*Reinicie Mozilla Firefox

==== Cómo instalar el Download Manager (Downloader para X) ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]
*Lea [[#Cómo añadir extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install d4x

*Lea [[#Cómo refrescar el GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Downloader for X

==== Cómo instalar el FTP Client (gFTP) ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]
*Lea [[#Cómo añadir extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gftp

*Lea [[#Cómo refrescar el GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> gFTP

==== Cómo instalar el File share utility (DC++) ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/linuxdcpp.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf linuxdcpp.tar.gz -C /opt
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dcpp.desktop

*Añada las siguientes líneas al archivo nuevo

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=DC++
Exec=/opt/linuxdcpp/ldcpp
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=/opt/linuxdcpp/pixmaps/linuxdcpp.svg
Categories=Application;Network;

*Guarde el archivo editado

*Applications -> Internet -> DC++

==== Cómo instalar el P2P BitTorrent Client (Azureus) ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]
*Lea [[#Cómo instalar el J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) con Plug-in para Mozilla Firefox]]

wget -c http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/azureus/Azureus_2.4.0.2_linux.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf Azureus_2.4.0.2_linux.tar.bz2 -C /opt
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/azureus.desktop

*Añada las siguientes líneas al archivo nuevo
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Azureus
Comment=A Bittorrent client
Exec=/opt/azureus/azureus
Icon=/opt/azureus/Azureus.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

*Guarde el archivo editado
*Applications -> Internet -> Azureus

==== Cómo instalar el P2P eMule Client (aMule) ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]
*Lea [[#Cómo añadir extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install amule

*Lea [[#Cómo refrescar el GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> aMule

==== How to install P2P Gnutella Client (FrostWire) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]

wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb
sudo dpkg -i FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb

*Applications -> Internet -> FrostWire

==== How to install Messenger (Skype) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

* Add the following lines at the end of file

## Repository for Skype
deb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free

* Save the edited file

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install skype

*Applications -> Internet -> Skype

==== How to install WinPopup (LinPopUp) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo apt-get install linpopup
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linpopup.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=LinPopUp
Comment=LinPopUp
Exec=linpopup
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/linpopup.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Utility;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Accessories -> LinPopUp

==== How to install Multimedia Codecs ====

[[User:Stubby|Stubby]] All known codecs work except for wmv

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-gl
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-base
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-good
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse

*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

==== How to install DVD playback capability ====

[[User:ironss|ironss]]: gstreamer dvd plugin is available as part of plugins-bad (or ugly?) and does not work reliably. However, Totem works with the xine backend to play back DVDs. This will keep you going until gstreamer gets dvd playback. Note that you do not have to install xine-ui or mplayer as suggested in

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install libdvdread3
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh
sudo apt-get install totem-xine

[[User:Stubby|Stubby]]: gstreamer dvd plugin not ported to dapper yet. following instructions will not work properly

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2

==== How to install Multimedia Player (xine-ui) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]
*Read [[#How to install DVD playback capability]]

sudo apt-get install xine-ui

*Associate xine-ui to play multimedia files

gconftool-2 --type string --set /desktop/gnome/volume_manager/autoplay_dvd_command "xine dvd://"
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applnk/Multimedia/xine.desktop
sudo ln -fs /usr/share/xine/desktop/xine.desktop /usr/share/applications/
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo sed -e 's/totem.desktop/xine.desktop/g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME desktop]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> xine

==== How to install VLC Multimedia player ====
*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-*

:Applications -> Sound and Video -> VLC Media Player

==== How to install Multimedia Player (Totem) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]
*Read [[#How to install DVD playback capability]]

sudo apt-get install totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin

*Restart Mozilla Firefox

==== How to install Multimedia Player (XMMS) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]

sudo apt-get install xmms
sudo apt-get install xmms-skins
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb

*Associate XMMS to play MP3/M3U/WAV files

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /tmp/defaults.list_tmp
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/mpeg=.*/audio\/mpeg=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.list_tmp > /tmp/defaults.mp3
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/x-mpegurl=.*/audio\/x-mpegurl=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.mp3 > /tmp/defaults.m3u
sudo sed -e 's/audio\/x-wav=.*/audio\/x-wav=XMMS.desktop/g' /tmp/defaults.m3u > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
sudo rm -f /tmp/defaults.*

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME desktop]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> XMMS

==== How to install Multimedia Player (amaroK) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]

sudo apt-get install amarok

*Applications -> Sound & Video -> amaroK

==== How to install Multimedia Player (RealPlayer 10) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install realplay

:Note: 'realplay' installs RealPlayer 10 from PLF repo. 'realplayer' installs RealPlayer 8 from multiverse.

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> RealPlayer 10

==== How to install Stream Directory Browser (streamtuner) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install streamtuner
sudo apt-get install streamripper

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> streamtuner

==== How to install Music Organizer (Cowbell) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install cowbell

*Applications -> Sound & Video -> Cowbell Music Organizer

==== How to install ID3 Tag Editor (EasyTAG) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install easytag

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> EasyTAG

==== How to install Video Editor (Kino) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]

sudo apt-get install kino
sudo apt-get install kinoplus
sudo apt-get install kino-timfx
sudo apt-get install kino-dvtitler

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> Kino Video Editor

==== How to install Audio Editor (Audacity) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]

sudo apt-get install audacity

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> Audacity

==== How to install DVD Ripper (dvd::rip) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]
*Read [[#How to install DVD playback capability]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Player (MPlayer) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]
*Read [[#How to install RAR Archiver (rar)]]

sudo apt-get install dvdrip
sudo apt-get install vcdimager
sudo apt-get install cdrdao
sudo apt-get install subtitleripper
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/rar-2.80
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dvdrip.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=dvd::rip
Comment=dvd::rip
Exec=dvdrip
Icon=/usr/share/perl5/Video/DVDRip/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> dvd::rip

==== How to install CD Ripper (Goobox) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Multimedia Codecs]]

sudo apt-get install goobox
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=CD Player & Ripper
Comment=Play and extract CDs
Exec=goobox
Icon=goobox.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Sound & Video -> CD Player & Ripper

==== How to install Image Viewer (digiKam) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install digikam

*Applications -> Graphics -> digikam

==== How to install Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Thunderbird Mail Client

==== How to install Newsreader (Pan) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/pan_0.99_i386.deb
sudo apt-get install libgmime2.1
sudo dpkg -i pan_0.99_i386.deb

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Pan Newsreader

==== How to install RSS/RDF/Atom Newsreader (RSSOwl) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
sudo gedit /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh

*Insert the following lines into the new file

export MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME=/usr/lib/mozilla-firefox
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:${MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME}:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
cd /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
./run.sh

*Save the edited file

sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RSSOwl.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=RSSOwl
Comment=RSSOwl
Exec=runRSSOwl.sh
Icon=/opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/rssowl.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

*Save the edited file
*Applications -> Internet -> RSSOwl

==== How to install Web Authoring System (Nvu) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install nvu
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/nvu.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nvu
Comment=Web Development Editor
Exec=nvu
Icon=nvu.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Nvu

====How to install Web Development Environment (quanta plus) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install quanta

*Applications -> Programming -> Quanta Plus

==== How to install Project Management Application (Planner) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install planner

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Office -> Project Management

==== How to install Accounting Application (GnuCash) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gnucash
sudo rm -fr /usr/share/gnome/apps/Applications/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/GnuCash.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=GnuCash
Comment=GnuCash Personal Finance
Exec=gnucash
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/gnucash/gnucash-icon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Office;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Office -> GnuCash

==== How to install Desktop Publishing Application (Scribus) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install scribus

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Office -> Scribus

==== How to install Diagram Editor (Dia) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install dia-gnome

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Graphics -> Dia

==== How to install Compiled HTML Help (CHM) Viewer (xCHM) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install xchm

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Graphics -> xCHM

==== How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (GnomeBaker) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gnomebaker

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Accessories -> GnomeBaker CD/DVD Creator

==== How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (K3b) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install k3b k3b-mp3

*Applications -> Sound & Video -> K3b

==== How to install Dialup PPP Client (GNOME PPP) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gnome-ppp

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> GNOME PPP

==== How to install Broadband ADSL/PPPoE Client (RP-PPPoE) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential)]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RP-PPPoE.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=RP-PPPoE
Comment=RP-PPPoE
Exec=gksudo /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/go-gui
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Internet -> RP-PPPoE

==== How to install Boot-Up Manager (BUM) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install bum

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*System -> Administration -> Boot-Up Manager

==== How to install Partition Editor (GParted) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gparted

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> GParted

==== How to install Firewall (Firestarter) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install firestarter

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Firestarter

==== How to install network traffic analyzer (Ethereal) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install ethereal

*Applications -> Internet -> Ethereal

==== How to install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install nessus
sudo apt-get install nessusd
sudo nessus-adduser
sudo ln -fs /etc/init.d/nessusd /etc/rc2.d/S20nessusd
sudo /etc/init.d/nessusd start
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nessus.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nessus
Comment=Nessus
Exec=nessus
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/nessus.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Nessus

==== How to install RAR Archiver (rar) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install rar
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar

*Applications -> Accessories -> Archive Manager

==== How to install Extra Fonts ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-arabic
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-asian
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-european
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-phonetic
sudo apt-get install gsfonts-x11
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
sudo fc-cache -f -v

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

:''Note: Ubuntu Dapper comes with the DejaVu fonts (derived from Bitstream Vera) and provides adequate support for Latin, Greek and Cyrillic based languages.''

==== How to install Chinese Input Method (SCIM) ====

'''The following advices are outdated and it could be hard to revert to normal afterwards. Please follow instead the official Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake guide at
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/InputMethods/SCIM/CJK_Chinese_Japanese_Korean_Input_Method_configuration_using_SCIM_in_Ubuntu_6%2e06_Dapper_Drake'''

'''Please note that scim is now installed by default in Dapper, and installing Chinese, Japanese or Korean Support is done using System>Administration>Language Support. The wiki details the method more thoroughly'''

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Extra Fonts]]

sudo apt-get install scim
sudo apt-get install scim-chinese
sudo apt-get install scim-config-socket
sudo apt-get install scim-gtk2-immodule
sudo apt-get install scim-tables-zh
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz -C /usr/share/fonts/truetype/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/fonts/truetype/fireflysung-1.3.0/
sudo fc-cache -f -v

*System -> Preferences -> SCIM Input Method Setup
*To activate SCIM

Press 'Ctrl + Space'

==== How to install Desktop Applets (gDesklets) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install gdesklets
sudo apt-get install gdesklets-data

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Accessories -> gDesklets
*For more info see: http://gdesklets.gnomedesktop.org/

==== How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install build-essential

==== How to install Integrated Development Environment (Anjuta) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install anjuta

*Applications -> Programming -> Anjuta IDE

==== How to install 3D modeling tool (Blender 3d) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install blender

*Applications -> Graphics -> Blender 3D modeller

==== How to install game Tuxracer ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install planetpenguin-racer planetpenguin-racer-data planetpenguin-racer-extras

*Applications -> Games -> planetpenguin-racer

==== How to install game Frozen-Bubble ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install frozen-bubble

*Applications -> Games -> Frozen-Bubble

==== How to install game Scorched3D ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install scorched3d
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/scorched3d.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Scorched 3D
Comment=A 3D Remake Of Scorched Earth
Exec=scorched3d
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Game;ArcadeGame;

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> Games -> Scorched 3D

==== How to install virtual planetarium (Stellarium) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install stellarium
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/stellarium.desktop

*Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Stellarium
Comment=Virtual planetarium
Exec=stellarium
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Education;

*Applications -> Education -> Stellarium

==== How to install KDE Edutainment applications ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install kdeedu

*Applications -> Education -> ...

==== How to install Wine ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

*Add the following lines at the end of this file

# Repository for wine
deb http://wine.sourceforge.net/apt binary/
deb-src http://wine.sourceforge.net/apt source/

*Save the edited file

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine

*For more info see http://www.winehq.com/

== Other Desktop Environments ==

==== How to install KDE ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*You may also look at some [http://www.kde.org/screenshots/ KDE Screenshots]

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

:''Note: This installation will require ~400MB of disk space''

*System -> Log Out -> Log Out
*To log in to KDE click on ''Sessions'' and choose KDE

==== How to install XFCE ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*You may also look at some [http://www.xfce.org/index.php?page=screenshots&lang=en XFCE Screenshots]

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

*System -> Log Out -> Log Out
*To log in to XFCE click on ''Sessions'' and choose XFCE

== Eye Candy ==

==== How to install Xgl/Compiz (Nvidia)====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)]]

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Find this section

Section "Module"
Load "i2c"
Load "bitmap"
...
Load "type1"
Load "vbe"
EndSection

*Comment out dri and GLcore (if present)

# Load "dri"
# Load "GLcore"

*Make sure the glx module is loaded

Load "glx"

*Find this section (your values may vary)

Section "Device"
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
Driver "nv"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection

*Replace with the following lines, leaving the Identifier and BusID as it is

Section "Device"
...
Driver "nvidia"
...
Option "RenderAccel" "true"
Option "AllowGLXWithComposite" "true"
EndSection

*Find this section

Section "Screen"
Identifier "Default Screen"
Device "NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
Monitor "Generic Monitor"
DefaultDepth 16

*Make sure DefaultDepth is set to 24, if it isn't already

DefaultDepth 24

*Save the edited file
*Install Xgl/Compiz

sudo apt-get install compiz xserver-xgl libgl1-mesa xserver-xorg libglitz-glx1 compiz-gnome
sudo cp /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom-backup
sudo gedit /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom

*Replace everything with the following lines

# GDM Configuration Customization file.
#
# This file is the appropriate place for specifying your customizations to the
# GDM configuration. If you run gdmsetup, it will automatically edit this
# file for you and will cause the daemon and any running GDM GUI programs to
# automatically update with the new configuration. Not all configuration
# options are supported by gdmsetup, so to modify some values it may be
# necessary to modify this file directly by hand.
#
# To hand-edit this file, simply add or modify the key=value combination in
# the appropriate section in the template below. Refer to the comments in the
# gdm.conf file for information about each option. Also refer to the reference
# documentation.
#
# If you hand edit a GDM configuration file, you should run the following
# command to get the GDM daemon to notice the change. Any running GDM GUI
# programs will also be notified to update with the new configuration.
#
# gdmflexiserver --command="UPDATE_CONFIG <configuration key>"
#
# For example, the "Enable" key in the "[debug]" section would be specified by
# "debug/Enable".
#
# You can also run gdm-restart or gdm-safe-restart to cause GDM to restart and
# re-read the new configuration settings. You can also restart GDM by sending
# a HUP or USR1 signal to the daemon. HUP behaves like gdm-restart and causes
# any user session started by GDM to exit immediately while USR1 behaves like
# gdm-safe-restart and will wait until all users log out before restarting GDM.
#
# For full reference documentation see the gnome help browser under
# GNOME|System category. You can also find the docs in HTML form on
# http://www.gnome.org/projects/gdm/
#
# NOTE: Lines that begin with "#" are considered comments.
#
# Have fun!

[daemon]

[security]

[xdmcp]

[gui]

[greeter]

[chooser]

[debug]

[servers]# Override display 1 to use Xgl
0=Xgl

[server-Xgl]
name=Xgl server
command=/usr/bin/Xgl :0 -fullscreen -ac -accel glx:pbuffer -accel xv:fbo
flexible=true

*Create a script that runs Xgl/Compiz on startup

sudo gedit /usr/bin/thefuture

*Insert the following lines into the new file. Replace .us with appropriate keyboard binding for region. Eg .uk for United Kingdom. If unsure, leave as .us

#!/bin/bash
gnome-window-decorator & compiz --replace gconf decoration wobbly fade minimize cube rotate zoom scale move resize place switcher &
xmodmap /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.us

*Save the file

sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/thefuture

*To run compiz for this session

thefuture

*To have compiz load on startup
**System -> Preferences -> Sessions
**Startup Programs -> Add

/usr/bin/thefuture

**Click Ok, then Close
**Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

*Troubleshooting
**If Xgl/Compiz doesn't seem to work, or you get errors, simply restart your machine after adding "thefuture" to Startup programs
**If moving windows slows down the system, run gconf-editor from the terminal. Find apps/compiz/general/screen0/options. Disable detect_refresh_rate and set refresh rate to 60. Everything should work fine now...
**If you are using a non default keyboard layout (other language), you might have to change it back to what you need if the keyboard acts funny at System/Settings/Keyboard.
**You can also set the Super-key to the windows button here.

*Tips
**Switch windows = Alt + Tab
**Arrange and View All Windows = F12 turns on or off; clicking a window will zoom it to the front
**Switch desktops on cube = Ctrl + Alt + Left/Right Arrow
**Switch desktops on cube - with active window following = Ctrl + Shift + Alt + Left/Right Arrow
**Rotate cube manually = Ctrl + Alt + left-click
**Make window translucent/opaque = currently only possible with the "transset" utility
**Zoom-in once = Super-key right-click
**Zoom-in manually = Super-key + wheel mouse up
**Zoom-out manually = Super-key + wheel mouse down
**Move window = Alt + left-click
**Snap Move window (will stick to borders) = Ctrl + Alt + left-click
**Resize window = Alt + right-click

== Commercial Applications ==

==== How to install Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP (Win4Lin) ====

*http://www.win4lin.com

==== How to install Windows Applications (CrossOver Office) ====

*http://www.codeweavers.com

==== How to install Windows Games (Cedega) ====

*http://www.transgaming.com

== User Administration ==

==== How to set/change/enable root user password ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo passwd root

==== How to disable root user account ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo passwd -l root

==== How to allow root user to login into GNOME ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to set/change/enable root user password]]
*System -> Administration -> Login Screen Setup
*Login Screen Setup

Security Tab -> Security -> Allow root to login with GDM ('''Checked''')

==== How to switch to root user in Console mode ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo -s -H
Password: <specify user password>

==== How to add/edit/delete system users ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
*Users and Groups

Users Tab -> Add User.../Properties/Delete

:'''or'''

sudo useradd jim
sudo userdel jim

*For more info read

man usermod

==== How to add/edit/delete system groups ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
*Users and Groups

Groups Tab -> Add Group.../Properties/Delete

==== How to automatic login into GNOME (not secure) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*System -> Administration -> Login Screen Setup
*Login Screen Setup

General Tab -> Automatic Login ->
Login a user automatically on first bootup ('''Checked''')
Automatic login username: '''Select "system_username"'''
NOT General Tab anymore should be security，not sure because I am not using a English Version-----firingstone

==== How to allow more sudoers ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

export EDITOR=gedit && sudo visudo

*Append the following line at the end of file

system_username ALL=(ALL) ALL

*Save the edited file

==== How to use "sudo" without prompt for password (not secure) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

export EDITOR=gedit && sudo visudo

*Find this line

...
system_username ALL=(ALL) ALL
...

*Replace with the following line

system_username ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

*Save the edited file

==== How to explicitly destroy the "sudo" session ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo -K

==== How to change files/folders permissions ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

Right click on files/folders -> '''Properties'''

Permissions Tab -> Read/Write/Execute (Checked the permissions for Owner/Group/Others)

==== How to change files/folders ownership ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo chown system_username /location_of_files_or_folders

==== How to change files/folders group ownership ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo chgrp system_groupname /location_of_files_or_folders

== Hardware ==

==== How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-kernel-common

*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

==== How to disable NVIDIA graphics logo on GNOME startup ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)]]

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Find this section

...
Section "Device"
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"
Driver "nvidia"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
...

*Add the following line below it

Option "NoLogo"

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

==== How to install Graphics Driver (ATI) ====

*See [http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu_Installation_Guide Unofficial ATI Linux driver wiki]
*Or [http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=423584 Ubuntuforums.org]

==== How to identify Modem chipset ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*To install Modem chipset identifier
*Read [[#How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential)]]

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/scanModem.gz
gunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModem
chmod +x scanModem
sudo cp scanModem /usr/bin/

*To identify Modem chipset

sudo scanModem
gedit Modem/ModemData.txt

==== How to install Modem Driver (SmartLink) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

uname -r (must be 2.6.10-5-386)
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/sl-modem-modules-2.6.10-5-386_2.9.9a-1ubuntu2+2.6.10-34_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i sl-modem-modules-*.deb
sudo apt-get install sl-modem-daemon

==== How to configure PalmOS Devices ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/10-custom.rules

*Insert the following line into the new file

BUS="usb", SYSFS{product}="Palm Handheld*", KERNEL="ttyUSB*", NAME{ignore_remove}="pilot", MODE="666"

*Save the edited file
*System -> Preferences -> PalmOS Devices
*Follow the instructions on screen

==== How to list partition tables ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo fdisk -l

*You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks

==== How to list filesystem disk space usage ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

df -T -h

*You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks

==== How to list mounted devices ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

mount

==== How to list PCI devices ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

lspci

==== How to list USB devices ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

lsusb

==== How to speed up CD/DVD-ROM ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom
sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

/dev/cdrom {
dma = on
}

*Save the edited file

==== How to mount/unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually, and show all hidden and associated files/folders ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

*To mount CD/DVD-ROM

sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide

*To unmount CD/DVD-ROM

sudo umount /media/cdrom0/

==== How to forcefully unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

sudo umount /media/cdrom0/ -l

==== How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo mount -a

==== How to install a Wacom tablet ====

'''For a detailed guide with screenshots about how to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications, please follow the official Dapper guide at https://wiki.ubuntu.com//Wacom '''

''With the version of the Linux Wacom driver (0.7.2) in Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake, if you unplug you tablet, it won't function when you plug it back in and you will have to restart X. For this reason, it is best to leave the tablet plugged in. This limitation will be removed when the 0.7.4 version of the driver is included in Ubuntu.''

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

* 1. Using Synaptic package manager1, check if the packages xserver-xorg-input-wacom and wacom-tools are already installed - if not, install them. If you prefer using the command line, you can also execute :

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-wacom wacom-tools

* 2. Save a copy of your /etc/X11/xorg.conf :

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup

* then edit it with the command line :

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

* and change all /dev/wacom occurences into /dev/input/wacom (created by wacom-tools udev scripts), then save the file.

*You should be ready to go after you have restarted X. Remember to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications (Gimp, Inkscape), however you can already check if it's working by moving your stylus on the tablet : the mouse cursor should go through the whole screen.

== CD/DVD Burning ==

==== How to blank CD-RW/DVD-RW ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

sudo umount /dev/cdrom
cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast

==== How to burn files/folders into CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

nautilus burn:///

*File Browser: CD/DVD Creator

*Drag files/folders into window

File Menu -> Write to Disc... -> Write

==== How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

Right click on Image (ISO) file -> Write to Disc... -> Write

==== How to duplicate CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD]]
*Read [[#How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD]]

==== How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM''

sudo umount /dev/cdrom
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=file.iso bs=1024

==== How to create Image (ISO) files from folders ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

mkisofs -o file.iso /location_of_folder/

==== How to generate MD5 checksum files ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5

==== How to check MD5 checksum of files ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that file.iso and file.iso.md5 are in the same folder''

md5sum -c file.iso.md5

==== How to mount/unmount Image (ISO) files without burning ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*To mount Image (ISO) file

sudo mkdir /media/iso
sudo modprobe loop
sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop

*To unmount Image (ISO) file

sudo umount /media/iso/

==== How to set/change the burn speed for CD/DVD Burner ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> default_speed (set/change the burn speed)

==== How to enable burnproof for CD/DVD Burner ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> burnproof ('''Checked''')

==== How to enable overburn for CD/DVD Burner ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> overburn ('''Checked''')

== Networking ==

==== How to configure Google Talk ====

*See the answer at [http://www.google.com/support/talk/bin/answer.py?answer=24073 Google Talk Help Center]

==== How to activate/deactivate network connections ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> Activate/Deactivate

==== How to configure network connections ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> '''Properties'''
Connection -> Enable this connection ('''Checked''')
Connection Settings -> Configuration: Select "DHCP/Static IP address"

DNS Tab -> DNS Servers -> Add/Delete

*Read [[#How to activate/deactivate network connections]]

==== How to configure dialup connections ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*To configure dialup

sudo pppconfig

*To connect dialup

sudo pon provider_name

*To disconnect dialup

sudo poff

==== How to configure broadband connections ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo pppoeconf

==== How to change computer name ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*System -> Administration -> Networking
*Network settings

General Tab -> Host Settings -> Hostname: Specify the computer name

*Save and close all opened applications, Reboot computer

==== How to change computer descriptions ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
...

*Replace with the following line

server string = new_computer_descriptions

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to change computer Domain/Workgroup ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
workgroup = MSHOME
...

*Replace with the following line

workgroup = new_domain_or_workgroup

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to assign Hostname to local machine with dynamic IP using free DynDNS service ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Register free Dynamic DNS at http://www.dyndns.com/services/dns/dyndns

sudo apt-get install ipcheck
sudo gedit /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh

*Insert the following lines into the new file
<pre>
#!/bin/sh

USERNAME=myusername
PASSWORD=mypassword
HOSTNAME=myhostname.dyndns.org

cd /root/
if [ -f /root/ipcheck.dat ]; then
ipcheck -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
else
ipcheck --makedat -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
fi
</pre>
*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh
sudo sh /etc/ppp/ip-up.d/dyndns_update.sh

==== How to share folders the easy way ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

Right click on folder -> Share folder

Shared folder -> Share with: Select "SMB"
Share properties -> Name: Specify the share name

==== How to browse network computers ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' If computers or network folders could not be found, try access them directly''
:'' Read [[#How to access network folders without mounting]]''

*Places -> Network Servers

==== How to access network folders without mounting ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''

*Press 'Alt+F2' (Run Application...) and enter:

smb://192.168.0.1/linux

==== How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

*To mount network folder

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword

*To unmount network folder

sudo umount /media/sharename/

==== How to mount/unmount network folders manually, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

*To mount network folder

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo mount //192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename/ -o username=myusername,password=mypassword,dmask=777,fmask=777

*To unmount network folder

sudo umount /media/sharename/

==== How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials

*Insert the following lines into the new file

username=myusername
password=mypassword

*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

//192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename smbfs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to mount network folders on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' Network computer's IP: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Network computer's Username: myusername''
:'' Network computer's Password: mypassword''
:'' Shared folder's name: linux''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/sharename''

sudo mkdir /media/sharename
sudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials

*Insert the following lines into the new file

username=myusername
password=mypassword

*Save the edited file

sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

//192.168.0.1/linux /media/sharename smbfs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials,dmask=777,fmask=777 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to get ipw2200 and wpa to work ====

*See [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=130227p=423584 Ubuntuforuns.org how-tos]

==== How to Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Use [http://pptpclient.sourceforge.net/howto-ubuntu.phtml these instructions] to automatically install PPTP Client
:'''OR'''
*Install manually

wget -c http://linux.edu.lv/uploads/content/pptp.tar.gz
tar zxvf pptp.tar.gz
sudo sh ./pptp/install

*To configure PPTP Client

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/pptpconfig.desktop

*Replace content of this file with the following lines

[Desktop Entry]
Name=PPTP Client
Comment=Configure and start PPTP tunnels (VPN)
Categories=Application;Network
Encoding=UTF-8
Exec=gksudo pptpconfig
Icon=gnome-remote-desktop.png
StartupNotify=true
Terminal=false
Type=Application

*The above lines change the default file in three ways: the application is placed in the Application/Internet category, gksudo will make the application run as superuser and we put a nice icon that appears in the menu.
*Start the client with ''Applications -> Internet -> PPTP Client''

==== How to configure Network-manager with WPA 1 and 2 support ====

== Remote Desktop ==

==== How to configure remote desktop (not secure) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''Warning! Remote Desktop will only work if there's a GNOME login session''
:'' Leaving computer with an unattended GNOME login session is not secure''
:'' Use (System -> Lock Screen) and switch off the monitor when computer is left unattended''

*System -> Preferences -> Remote Desktop
*Remote Desktop Preferences

Sharing ->
Allow other users to view your desktop ('''Checked''')
Allow other users to control your desktop ('''Checked''')

Security ->
Ask you for confirmation (Un-Checked)
Require the user to enter this password: ('''Checked''')
Password: Specify the password

==== How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop''
:'' Read [[#How to configure remote desktop (not secure)]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

vncviewer -fullscreen 192.168.0.1:0

*To quit vncviewer

Press 'F8' -> Quit viewer

==== How to connect into remote Ubuntu desktop via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have configured Remote Desktop''
:'' Read [[#How to configure remote desktop (not secure)]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

*Download VNC Viewer: [http://fresh.t-systems-sfr.com/cgi-bin/warex?linux/src/vnc-4_1_1-x86_win32_viewer.zip:a/vnc-4_1_1-x86_win32_viewer.exe Here]

== Windows ==

==== How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (NTFS) manually, and allow all users to read only ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

*To mount Windows partition

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222

*To unmount Windows partition

sudo umount /media/windows/

==== How to mount/unmount Windows partitions (FAT) manually, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

*To mount Windows partition

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000

*To unmount Windows partition

sudo umount /media/windows/

==== How to mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow all users to read only ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (NTFS)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

/dev/hda1 /media/windows ntfs nls=utf8,umask=0222 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

==== How to mount Windows partitions (FAT) on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition (FAT)''
:'' Local mount folder: /media/windows''

sudo mkdir /media/windows
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/fstab

*Append the following line at the end of file

/dev/hda1 /media/windows vfat iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0 0

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting]]

== Security ==

==== What are the basic things I need to know about securing my Ubuntu ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Ensure hard drive is first in BIOS boot-up sequence
**To prevent trespassers from using Linux Installation CD which allows them to gain root user access
**To prevent trespassers from using Linux Live CD (e.g. UBUNTU/KNOPPIX/MEPIS) which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive
**To prevent trespassers from installing another Operating System
*Ensure a password is set for BIOS
**To prevent trespassers from changing the BIOS boot-up sequence
*Ensure computer is located at a secured place
**To prevent trespassers from removing computer's hard drive which allows them to destroy/browse/share the entire hard drive from a different computer
**To prevent trespassers from removing computer's on-board battery which resets the BIOS password
*Ensure passwords used on the system cannot be easily guessed
**To prevent trespassers from cracking password file using brute force attacks (e.g. John the Ripper)
**Create password with minimum length of 8 characters
**Create password with mixture of characters/numbers, and upper/lower case
*Ensure interactive editing control for GRUB menu is disabled
**To prevent trespassers from modifying kernel boot-up arguments which allows them to have root user access
**Read [[#How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu]]
*Ensure history listing is disabled in Console mode
**To prevent trespassers from seeing previously issued commands
**Read [[#How to disable history listing in Console mode]]
*Ensure Ctrl+Alt+Del is disabled in Console mode
**To prevent trespassers from restarting the system without permission in Console mode
**Read [[#How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode]]
*Ensure interactive option is set for remove, copy and move of files/folders in Console mode
**To prevent accidental removal/overwritten of files/folders
**Read [[#How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode]]
*For day to day usage, login as a normal user
**To prevent accidental deletion/modification of system files/folders
**Read [[#How to add/edit/delete system users]]
*Disable root user account, use "sudo" instead
**To reduce the amount of time spent with root privileges, and thus the risk of inadvertently executing a command as root
**"sudo" provides a more useful audit trail (/var/log/auth.log)
**Read [[#How to disable root user account]]
*Install a Firewall
**A firewall does not guarantee security but it is in most environments the first line of defense against network based attacks
**Read [[#How to install Firewall (Firestarter)]]
*Perform vulnerability test
**Nessus is a great tool designed to automate the testing and discovery of known security problems
**Read [[#How to install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus)]]

==== How to disable all interactive editing control for GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

grub

grub> md5crypt
Password: ****** (ubuntu)
Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)
grub> quit

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this section

...
## password ['--md5'] passwd
# If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing
# control (menu entry editor and command-line) and entries protected by the
# command 'lock'
# e.g. password topsecret
# password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
# password topsecret
...

*Add the following line below it

password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)

*Find this section

...
title Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro single
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386
savedefault
boot
...

*Replace with the following lines

#title Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)
#root (hd0,1)
#kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro single
#initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-5-386
#savedefault
#boot

*Save the edited file

==== How to disable history listing in Console mode ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

rm -f $HOME/.bash_history
touch $HOME/.bash_history
chmod 000 $HOME/.bash_history

==== How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Del from restarting computer in Console mode ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo cp /etc/inittab /etc/inittab_backup
sudo gedit /etc/inittab

*Find this line

...
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
...

*Replace with the following line

#ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

*Save the edited file

sudo telinit q

==== How to enable prompt before removal/overwritten of files/folders in Console mode ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo cp /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc_backup
sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

*Append the following lines at the end of file

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'

*Save the edited file

== Rescue Mode ==

==== How to gain root user access without login ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Easiest method (will not work if GRUB menu password is set)
**Boot-up computer
**If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
**Select

Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386 (recovery mode)

**Press 'Enter' to boot
*Other methods
**Read [[#How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access]]
**Read [[#How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access]]

==== How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Boot-up computer
*If GRUB menu is hidden, press 'Esc' to enter the GRUB menu
*If GRUB password is set, press 'p' to unlock the GRUB menu
*Select

Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.10-5-386

*Press 'e' to edit the commands before booting
*Select

kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash

*Press 'e' to edit the selected command in the boot sequence
*Add "rw init=/bin/bash" to the end of the arguments

grub edit> kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.10-5-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash rw init=/bin/bash

*Press 'b' to boot

==== How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Boot-up computer into Ubuntu Installation CD
*At "boot:" prompt, add "rescue" to the argument

boot: rescue

*Follow the instructions on screen

==== How to change root user/main user password if forgotten ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to gain root user access without login]]
*To change root user password

# passwd root

*To change main user password

# passwd system_main_username

==== How to change GRUB menu password if forgotten ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

grub

grub> md5crypt
Password: ****** (ubuntu)
Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)
grub> quit

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
...

*Replace with the following line

password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)

*Save the edited file

==== How to restore GRUB menu after Windows installation ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to use Ubuntu Installation CD, to gain root user access]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda is the location of /boot partition''

# grub-install /dev/hda

==== How to add Windows entry into GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to list partition tables]]

:''e.g. Assumed that /dev/hda1 is the location of Windows partition''

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Append the following lines at the end of file

title Microsoft Windows
root (hd0,0)
savedefault
makeactive
chainloader +1

*Save the edited file

==== How to read Linux partitions (ext2, ext3) in Windows machine ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Download Explore2fs: [http://easylinux.info/uploads/explore2fs-1.07.zip Here]
:OR
*See [http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html www.fs-driver.org]

== Tips & Tricks ==

==== How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Save and close all opened applications

Press 'Ctrl + Alt + Backspace'

:or

sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart

==== How to turn on Num Lock on GNOME startup ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install numlockx
sudo cp /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default_backup
sudo gedit /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default

*Find this line

...
exit 0

*Add the following lines above it

if [ -x /usr/bin/numlockx ]; then
/usr/bin/numlockx on
fi

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

==== How to run programs on startup when login into GNOME ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*System -> Preferences -> Sessions
*Sessions

Startup Programs Tab -> Add/Edit/Delete

==== How to switch to Console mode in GNOME ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*To switch to Console mode

Press 'Ctrl + Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)

*To switch between consles in Console mode

Press 'Alt + F1' (F2 - F6)

*To switch back to GNOME mode

Press 'Alt + F7'

==== How to disable Ctrl+Alt+Backspace from restarting X in GNOME ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

Section "ServerFlags"
Option "DontZap" "yes"
EndSection

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to restart GNOME without rebooting computer]]

==== How to enable Ctrl+Alt+Del to open System Monitor in GNOME ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/global_keybindings/run_command_9 "<Control><Alt>Delete"
gconftool-2 -t str --set /apps/metacity/keybinding_commands/command_9 "gnome-system-monitor"

==== How to refresh GNOME desktop ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

killall nautilus

==== Cómo refrescar el GNOME panel ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]

killall gnome-panel

==== How to enable autosave in Gedit and disable creation of some_file~ files ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> create_backup_copy ('''Unchecked''')
/ -> apps -> gedit-2 -> preferences -> editor -> save -> auto_save ('''Checked''')

==== How to show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Places -> Home Folder
*To temporary show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus

Press 'Ctrl + H'

*To permanently show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus

Edit Menu -> Preferences

Views Tab -> Default View -> Show hidden and backup files ('''Checked''')

==== How to browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*To install File Browser (Root)

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nautilus-root.desktop

**Insert the following lines into the new file

[Desktop Entry]
Name=File Browser (Root)
Comment=Browse the filesystem with the file manager
Exec=gksudo "nautilus --browser %U"
Icon=file-manager
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;

**Save the edited file
**Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]

*To browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus
**Applications -> System Tools -> File Browser (Root)

==== How to show Desktop Icons (Computer, Home, Trash) ====
Not for dapper---firingstone
*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
*Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus -> desktop ->
computer_icon_visible ('''Checked''')
home_icon_visible ('''Checked''')
trash_icon_visible ('''Checked''')

==== How to change default file type "Open with" program ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

Right click on file -> '''Properties'''

Open With Tab -> Add
Select "Open with" program

Select "Open with" program ('''Checked''')

==== How to change preferred email client to Mozilla Thunderbird ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird)]]
*System -> Preferences -> Preferred Applications
*Preferred Applications

Mail Reader Tab -> Default Mail Reader -> Command: mozilla-thunderbird %s

==== How to open files as root user via right click ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

gedit $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root

*Insert the following lines into the new file

for uri in $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS; do
gksudo "gnome-open $uri" &
done

*Save the edited file

chmod +x $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root

Right click on file -> Scripts -> Open as root

==== How to disable beep sound in Terminal mode ====
Not for Dapper---- firingstone
*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> Terminal
*Terminal

Edit Menu -> Current Profile...

General Tab -> General -> Terminal bell (Un-Checked)

==== How to load Web site faster in Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
*Mozilla Firefox

Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: ->
network.dns.disableIPv6 -> true
network.http.pipelining -> true
network.http.pipelining.maxrequests -> 8
network.http.proxy.pipelining -> true

*Restart Mozilla Firefox

==== How to disable beep sound for link find function in Mozilla Firefox ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Applications -> Internet -> Firefox Web Browser
*Mozilla Firefox

Address Bar -> about:config

Filter: -> accessibility.typeaheadfind.enablesound -> false

*Restart Mozilla Firefox

==== How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager
*To enable the extra Universe and Multiverse repositories
*#Settings -> Repositories
*#In the Installation Media tab, click Add. There are three separate repositories; Dapper Drake, Security Updates and Updates. Select each repository and check Officially supported, Restricted copyright, Community maintained (Universe) and Non-free (Multiverse). Ensure you click OK between each repository to save your changes
*#You should now see those three repositories under Channels. Make sure Officially supported, Restricted copyright, Community maintained (Universe) and Non-free (Multiverse) appears under each repository

*To add backports and PLF (new versions of many applications. Unsupported. May contain illegal packages. Use at own risk.)
*#Settings -> Repositories
*#Click on Add and then Custom
*#Paste the following four lines into the box and click Add Repository, one line at a time:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf breezy free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf breezy free non-free

*To refresh the list of known packages (equivalent to apt-get update)

Edit Menu -> Reload Package Information

*To install all possible upgrades (equivalent to apt-get upgrade)

Edit Menu -> Mark All Upgrades... -> Default Upgrade
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes

*To search for a package (equivalent to apt-cache search package_name)

Edit Menu -> Search... Specify the package name

*To install the selected package (equivalent to apt-get install package_name)

Select "package_name"
Package Menu -> Mark for Installation
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes

*To remove installed package (equivalent to apt-get remove package_name)

Select "package_name"
Package Menu -> Mark for Removal
Edit Menu -> Apply Marked Changes

==== What packages do the extra repositories provide ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)]]

* The [http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf/ PLF repository] provides
*# DVD playback support (libdvdcss2)
*# Skype
*# Sun Java SDK (Software Development Kit) and JRE (Java Runtime Environment)
*# Opera Web browser
*# RealPlayer 10
*# Win32 binary multimedia codecs

==== How to install/uninstall .deb files ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*To install .deb file

sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb

*To uninstall .deb file

sudo dpkg -r package_name

==== How to convert .rpm files to .deb files ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo alien package_file.rpm

==== How to rename all files in directory at once ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*To install "mvb" file name renamer

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/mvb_1.6.tgz
sudo tar zxvf mvb_1.6.tgz -C /usr/share/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/mvb_1.6/
sudo ln -fs /usr/share/mvb_1.6/mvb /usr/bin/mvb

*To rename all files in directory at once

mvb NEW_NAME

==== How to manipulate all image files in directory at once ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*To install bash batch image processing script
**Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install imagemagick
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/bbips.0.3.2.sh
sudo cp bbips.0.3.2.sh /usr/bin/bbips
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/bbips

*To manipulate all image files in directory at once

bbips

==== How to set System-wide Environment Variables ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo cp /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc_backup
sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

*Append the System-wide Environment Variables at the end of file
*Save the edited file

==== How to save "man" outputs into files ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

man command | col -b > file.txt

==== How to hide GRUB menu on boot-up ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
#hiddenmenu
...

*Replace with the following line

hiddenmenu

*Save the edited file

==== How to change the timeout seconds for GRUB menu on boot-up ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
timeout 3
...

*Replace with the following line

timeout X_seconds

*Save the edited file

==== How to change default Operating System boot-up for GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this line

...
default 0
...

*Replace with the following line

default X_sequence

*Save the edited file

==== How to display Splash Image for GRUB menu on boot-up ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that hd0,1 is the location of Ubuntu boot partition''

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/ubuntu.xpm.gz
chmod 644 ubuntu.xpm.gz
sudo mkdir /boot/grub/images
sudo cp ubuntu.xpm.gz /boot/grub/images/
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

*Find this section

# menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8)
# grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8),
# grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub
# and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/.
...

*Add the following line below it

splashimage (hd0,1)/boot/grub/images/ubuntu.xpm.gz

*Save the edited file

==== How to convert Wallpaper to Splash Image for GRUB menu ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that wallpaper.png is the Wallpaper to be converted to Splash Image''
:'' splashimage.xpm.gz is the Splash Image for GRUB menu''

convert -resize 640x480 -colors 14 wallpaper.png splashimage.xpm && gzip splashimage.xpm

*Read [[#How to display Splash Image for GRUB menu on boot-up]] (use splashimage.xpm.gz instead of ubuntu.xpm.gz)

==== How to temporary skip boot-up services ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

Press 'Ctrl + C'

==== How to permanently disable/enable boot-up services ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Boot-Up Manager (BUM)]]

==== How to clean /tmp/ folder contents on shutdown ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

sudo cp /etc/init.d/sysklogd /etc/init.d/sysklogd_backup
sudo gedit /etc/init.d/sysklogd

*Find this section

...
stop)
log_begin_msg "Stopping system log daemon..."
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --exec $binpath --pidfile $pidfile
log_end_msg $?
...

*Add the following line below it

rm -fr /tmp/* /tmp/.??*

*Save the edited file

==== How to scroll up and down to view previous outputs in Console mode ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*To scroll up to view previously outputs

Press 'Shift + Page Up'

*To scroll down to view previously outputs

Press 'Shift + Page Down'

==== How to find out which version of Ubuntu I am using ====

cat /etc/issue

==== How to set up automatic background change (GNOME) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

mkdir ~/.backgrounds
cd ~/.backgrounds
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/change_background.py
chmod +x change_background.py

*To change desktop background every time you reboot your computer
export EDITOR=gedit && crontab -e

*Add the following line at the end of file
@reboot ~/.backgrounds/change_background.py

:For more information about periodic processes see
man 5 crontab

* ~/.backgrounds is hidden directory, see [[#How to show all hidden files/folders in Nautilus]]
*Copy images you wish to see on your background to ~/.backgrounds directory

==== How to set up automatic background change (KDE) ====
*Read [[#Notas generales]]

*Go to K-menu -> System Settings -> Desktop -> Background
*Choose Slide Show
*Press Setup...
*Press Add... to add pictures you wish to see as desktop background
*Set 'Change picture after' to desired picture rotation interval.
*Press 'OK'

==== How to add keyboard layouts for other languages ====
*Read [[#Notas generales]]

*Go to System -> Preferences -> Keyboard
*Choose Layouts
*Press Add... to add the secondary keyboard layout. It is simpler to have two layouts; the maximum is currently four for Xorg.
*Choose Layout Options
*Expand option Group Shift/Lock behaviour
*Choose the key combination that enables you to switch between keyboard layouts. The default is by pressing both Alt keys at the same time. A common alternative is to use Alt+Shift.
*Press Close.

See [[#How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet]] to add the Keyboard Indicator applet.

==== How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet ====
*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add keyboard layouts for other languages]]

*Right-click on empty space on the top panel so that you see the pop-up menu.
*Click Add to Panel...
*Choose Keyboard Indicator (it is under the Utilities section, at the end)

The Keyboard Indicator applet appears on the panel. The default language should be USA for U.S. English. You can either right-click on this applet for more options or see above on how to configure.

==== How to type extended characters ====
*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add keyboard layouts for other languages]]
*Read [[#How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet]]

*Add the keyboard layout US English International (with dead keys)
*Make US English International (with dead keys) the default keyboard layout.

The key marked ['"] is now a dead key. When you press it, nothing happens. However if you press a consonant immediately afterwards, the consonant appears with an accent.
* ' + a = á
* ' + e = é
* and so on for i-í, o-ó, y-ý, c-ć, z-ź, n-ń, l-ĺ, u-ú, r-ŕ

* " + a = ä
* " + e = ë
* and so on for y-ÿ, u-ü, i-ï, o-ö

Similarly, ` and a consonant generates à, è, ù, ì, ò.
Similarly, ~ and a consonant generates ã, ũ, ĩ, õ, ñ.

To type ' and ", press RightAlt+' and RightAlt+" respectively.
To type ' and ", you may also press '+<space> and "+<space> respectively.

There are more characters available by keeping RightAlt pressed and typing a character. Therefore,
* RightAlt+q = ä
* RightAlt+w = å
* RightAlt+e = é
* RightAlt+r = ®
* RightAlt+t = þ
* RightAlt+y = ü
* RightAlt+u = ú
* RightAlt+i = í
* RightAlt+o = ó
* RightAlt+p = ö
* RightAlt+[ and ] for « and » respectively.
* RightAlt+a = á
* RightAlt+s = ß
* RightAlt+d = ð
* RightAlt+l = ø
* RightAlt+; = ¶
* RightAlt+: = °
* RightAlt+z = æ
* RightAlt+c = ©
* RightAlt+n = ñ
* RightAlt+m = µ
* RightAlt+, = ç
* RightAlt+/ = ¿

* RightAlt+1 = ¡
* RightAlt+2 = ²
* RightAlt+3 = ³
* RightAlt+4 = ¤
* RightAlt+5 = €
* RightAlt+6 = ¼
* RightAlt+7 = ½
* RightAlt+8 = ¾
* RightAlt+9 = ‘
* RightAlt+0 = ’
* RightAlt+- = ¥
* RightAlt+= = ×

* RightAlt+! = ¹
* RightAlt+@, then o = ő (and Ő).
* RightAlt+#, then a = ā (and Ā). Similarly for ēĒ, ūŪ, īĪ, ōŌ.
* RightAlt+$ = £
* RightAlt+% =
* RightAlt+^ =
* RightAlt+& =
* RightAlt+*, then a = ą (and Ą). Similarly for ęĘ, įĮ.
* RightAlt+(, then a = ă (and Ă)
* RightAlt+(, then g = ğ (and Ğ)
* RightAlt+), then a = å (and Å)
* RightAlt+_ =
* RightAlt++ = ÷

==== How to set the Compose key to type special characters ====
*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add keyboard layouts for other languages]]
*Read [[#How to add the Keyboard (Layout) Indicator applet]]

*Click '''System''', '''Preferences''', '''Keyboard'''.
*Under '''Layout Options''', expand on '''Compose key position'''.
*Choose '''Right-Win key is compose''', click Close.

Now you can type extended characters using the RightWin key (next to AltGr), according to [http://cvs.gnome.org/viewcvs/gtk%2B/gtk/gtkimcontextsimple.c?view=markup this keyboard settings file].
Specifically, the lines that start with ''GDK_Multi_key'' are those that we can use here. The '''Compose''' key is actually '''GDK_Multi_key'''.

Some examples,
*RightWin + C + = produces €
*RightWin + = + C produces €
*RightWin + C + O produces ©
*RightWin + O + C produces ©
*RightWin + a + ' produces á
*RightWin + a + " produces ä
*RightWin + a + ` produces à
*RightWin + a + ~ produces ã
*RightWin + a + * produces å
*RightWin + a + ^ produces â
*RightWin + a + > produces â
*RightWin + a + , produces ą
*RightWin + e + - produces ē
*RightWin + S + 1 produces ¹
*RightWin + S + 2 produces ²
*RightWin + S + 3 produces ³

== Servers ==

=== AntiVirus Server ===

==== How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install clamav

==== How to manually update virus databases ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server]]

sudo freshclam

==== How to manually scan files/folders for viruses ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server]]

sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders

==== How to automatically scan files/folders for viruses ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install ClamAV AntiVirus Server]]

:''e.g. Automatically scan files/folders for viruses at midnight everyday''
:'' * * * * * means minute hour date month year''

export EDITOR=gedit && sudo crontab -e

*Append the following line at the end of file

00 00 * * * sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders

*Save the edited file

=== Print Server (cupsd)===
*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

==== How to install cupsd ====

:''Cupsd should be automatically installed during standart instaltion. Checkout if there is a file "/etc/init.d/cupsys". If you want to manually instal it, do''

sudo apt-get install cupsys*

==== How to add a printer ====

:'' In gnome click on "System/Administration/Printing. And choose "Add printer". A "add printer wizard" should start and tell you what to do.''

==== How to print on remote Ubuntu machine from another Ubuntu machine ====

*Make sure your local printer is well configured.

*Server ip address: 192.168.0.1
*Client ip address: 192.168.0.23

**Server configuration

sudo cp /etc/cups/cupsd.conf /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.backup
sudo gedit /etc/cups/cupsd.conf

:''find the block''

<Location />
...
Allow localhost
...
</Location>

:'' and add the following line into it.''

Allow 192.168.0.23

:''Restart cups.''
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

**Client configuration

sudo cp /etc/cups/client.conf /etc/cups/client.conf.backup
sudo gedit /etc/cups/client.conf

:''And add the following line into it.''

ServerName 192.168.0.1

:''Restart cups.''
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

:''Now try "lpq" and you should see something like''

vitek@lightfox:~$ lpq
HPLJ6P is ready
no entries

==== How to print on remote Ubuntu machine from a Windows machine ====
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service ]]
*Read [[#How to print on remote Ubuntu machine via samba]]

=== Samba Server ===

==== How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install samba
sudo apt-get install smbfs

==== How to add/edit/delete network users ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]
*To add network user
**Read [[#How to add/edit/delete system users]]

sudo smbpasswd -a system_username
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smbusers

**Insert the following line into the new file

system_username = "network username"

**Save the edited file
*To edit network user

sudo smbpasswd -a system_username

*To delete network user

sudo smbpasswd -x system_username

==== How to share home folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share home folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Find this section

...
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
writable = no
...

*Replace with the following lines

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
writable = yes

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share group folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/group
sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[Group]
comment = Group Folder
path = /home/group
public = yes
writable = no
valid users = system_username1 system_username2
create mask = 0700
directory mask = 0700
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share group folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/group
sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[Group]
comment = Group Folder
path = /home/group
public = yes
writable = yes
valid users = system_username1 system_username2
create mask = 0700
directory mask = 0700
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = no
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following lines

security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = yes
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share public folders with read only permission (Authentication=No) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following line

security = share

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = no
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share public folders with read/write permissions (Authentication=No) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

sudo mkdir /home/public
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

...
; security = user
...

*Replace with the following line

security = share

*Append the following lines at the end of file

[public]
comment = Public Folder
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = yes
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup

*Save the edited file

sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to print on remote Ubuntu machine via samba ====
*Read [[#Print Server (cupsd)]]
*Make sure your Ubuntu printers are configured properly.

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.backup
gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

:''Find the following lines''

...
# printing = cups
# printcap name = cups
...

:'' and uncomment them.''
printing = cups
printcap name = cups

:''Restart cups server''
sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

:'' Now printers working on your Ubuntu machine should be acessible via samba.''

=== SSH Server ===

==== How to install SSH Server for remote administration service ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install ssh

==== How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''

ssh username@192.168.0.1

==== How to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (scp) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt''
:'' Local machine save location: . (current directory)''

scp -r username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .

==== How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (scp) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Local files/folders location: localfile.txt''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/''

scp -r localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/

==== How to copy files/folders from remote Ubuntu machine into local machine (rsync) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote files/folders location: /home/username/remotefile.txt''
:'' Local machine save location: . (current directory)''

rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .

==== How to copy files/folders from local machine into remote Ubuntu machine (rsync) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Local files/folders location: localfile.txt''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote Ubuntu machine save location: /home/username/''

rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/

==== How to mount remote folders into local Ubuntu machine (sshfs) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote machine has installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''
:'' Remote machine: 192.168.0.1''
:'' Remote machine folder location: /media/music''

*Install sshfs

sudo apt-get install sshfs

*Load kernel driver for sshfs

sudo modprobe fuse

*For permanent use add 'fuse' at the end of /etc/modules

sudo gedit /etc/modules

*Join the 'fuse' user group

sudo adduser your_user_name fuse

*Create local mountpoint in your home directory

mkdir ~/remote_music

*Mount the remote folder into ~/remote_music

sshfs 192.168.0.1:/meida/music ~/remote_music

==== How to SSH into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''

*Download PuTTY: [http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.exe Here]

==== How to copy files/folders from/into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed SSH Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]''

*Download FileZilla: [http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/filezilla/FileZilla_2_2_18_setup.exe?download Here]

==== How to limit the user accounts that can connect through ssh remotely ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. If you enable the SSH server, then any user with a valid account can connect remotely''
:'' This can lead to security risks, as there exist remote password cracking tools that''
:'' try common username/password pairs. ''

*Keep a backup of the ssh server configuration file with
''sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.ORIGINAL''
*Edit the configuration file
''sudo gedit /etc/ssh/sshd_config''
*Change the parameter ''PermitRootLogin'' from ''yes'' to ''no''. The superuser must not be able to connect directly from remote.
*Add the parameter ''AllowUsers'' and specify the usernames (space separated) that can connect remotely.
*You can also use ''DenyUsers'' for fine-grained selection of users.
*If you enable the openssh server and you have no intention for now to enable remote connections, you may add ''AllowUsers nosuchuserhere'' to disable anyone connecting.

=== DHCP Server ===

==== How to install DHCP Server for automatic IP addresses assignment ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

:''e.g. Assumed that "eth0" is the interface for network card''
:'' IP Address Range: 192.168.0.100 to 192.168.0.200''
:'' Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0''
:'' DNS Servers: 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5''
:'' Domains: tm.net.my''
:'' Gateway Address: 192.168.0.1''

sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server
sudo cp /etc/default/dhcp3-server /etc/default/dhcp3-server_backup
sudo gedit /etc/default/dhcp3-server

*Find this line

...
INTERFACES=""

*Replace with the following line

INTERFACES="eth0"

*Save the edited file

sudo cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf

*Find this section

...
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
...

*Replace with the following lines

# option definitions common to all supported networks...
#option domain-name "example.org";
#option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

#default-lease-time 600;
#max-lease-time 7200;

*Find this section

...
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
# range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
# option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
# option domain-name "internal.example.org";
# option routers 10.5.5.1;
# option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
# default-lease-time 600;
# max-lease-time 7200;
#}
...

*Replace with the following lines

# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.0.100 192.168.0.200;
option domain-name-servers 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5;
option domain-name "tm.net.my";
option routers 192.168.0.1;
option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
}

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart

=== Database Server ===

==== How to install MYSQL Database Server ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install mysql-server
mysqladmin -u root password db_user_password

==== How to install MYSQL Administrator ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install MYSQL Database Server]]

sudo apt-get install mysql-admin

*Read [[#How to refresh GNOME panel]]
*Applications -> System Tools -> MySQL Administrator

=== Apache HTTP Server ===

==== How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install apache2

*http://localhost

==== How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

sudo apt-get install php4
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
sudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php

*Insert the following line into the new file

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

*Save the edited file
*http://localhost/testphp.php

==== How to install MYSQL for Apache HTTP Server ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]
*Read [[#How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server]]
*Read [[#How to install MYSQL Database Server]]

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql
sudo apt-get install php4-mysql
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

==== How to map URLs to folders outside /var/www/ ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

sudo gedit /etc/apache2/conf.d/alias

*Insert the following lines into the new file

Alias /URL-path /location_of_folder/

<Directory /location_of_folder/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*http://localhost/URL-path

==== How to change the default port number for Apache HTTP Server ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new port number is 78''

sudo cp /etc/apache2/ports.conf /etc/apache2/ports.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apache2/ports.conf

*Find this line

Listen 80

*Replace with the following line

Listen 78

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

*http://localhost:78

==== How to parse RSS into PHP for Apache HTTP Server ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]
*Read [[#How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server]]

:''e.g. Assumed that RSS is DistroWatch.com - News''

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz
sudo mkdir /var/www/feeds
sudo tar zxvf magpierss-0.71.1.tar.gz -C /var/www/feeds/
sudo mv /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/* /var/www/feeds/
sudo rm -fr /var/www/feeds/magpierss-0.71.1/
sudo chown -R www-data:root /var/www/feeds/
sudo gedit /var/www/feeds/index.php

*Insert the following lines into the new file

<nowiki>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">

<head>

<title>DistroWatch.com - News</title>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/>

<style type="text/css">
/*<![CDATA[*/
/*
DEFAULT TAG STYLES
*/

body {
background: #ffffff;
margin-left: 20px;
font-family: bitstream vera sans,sans-serif;
font-size: 9pt;
}

h1 {
font-family: luxi sans,sans-serif;
font-size: 15pt;
}

/*]]>*/
</style>

</head>

<body>

<?php

require_once 'rss_fetch.inc';
error_reporting(E_ERROR);

$url = 'http://distrowatch.com/news/dw.xml';
$rss = fetch_rss($url);

if ($rss) {

echo "<h1>";
echo "<a href=$url>", $rss->channel[title], "</a><br/>";
echo "</h1>";

foreach ($rss->items as $item ) {
$url = $item[link];
$title = $item[title];
$description = $item[description];
echo "<li>";
echo "<b>Topic:</b> <a href=$url><b><u>$title</u></b></a><br/><br/>";
echo "$description<br/><br/>";
echo "</li>";
}

}
else {
echo "<a href=$url>", $url, "</a> - Server Down!<br/>";
}

?>

</body>

</html>
</nowiki>

*Save the edited file
*http://localhost/feeds/index.php

=== FTP Server ===

==== How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

sudo apt-get install proftpd

==== How to configure FTP user to be "jailed" (chrooted) into their home directory ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Find this section

...
DenyFilter \*.*/
...

*Add the following line below it

DefaultRoot ~

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read only ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

<Anonymous ~ftp>
User ftp
Group nogroup
UserAlias anonymous ftp
DirFakeUser on ftp
DirFakeGroup on ftp
RequireValidShell off
MaxClients 10
DisplayLogin welcome.msg
DisplayFirstChdir .message
<Directory *>
<Limit WRITE>
DenyAll
</Limit>
</Directory>
</Anonymous>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to configure FTP Server to allow anonymous FTP user to read/write ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

<Anonymous ~ftp>
User ftp
Group nogroup
UserAlias anonymous ftp
DirFakeUser on ftp
DirFakeGroup on ftp
RequireValidShell off
MaxClients 10
DisplayLogin welcome.msg
DisplayFirstChdir .message
</Anonymous>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to map anonymous FTP user to folders outside /home/ftp/ ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Append the following lines at the end of file

<Anonymous /location_of_folder/>
User ftp
Group nogroup
UserAlias anonymous ftp
DirFakeUser on ftp
DirFakeGroup on ftp
RequireValidShell off
MaxClients 10
DisplayLogin welcome.msg
DisplayFirstChdir .message
<Directory *>
<Limit WRITE>
DenyAll
</Limit>
</Directory>
</Anonymous>

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to change the default port number for FTP Server ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new port number is 77''

sudo cp /etc/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf

*Find this line

Port 21

*Replace with the following line

Port 77

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

==== How to ftp into remote Ubuntu machine via Windows machine ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]

:''e.g. Assumed that remote Ubuntu machine have installed FTP Server service''
:'' Read [[#How to install FTP Server for File Transfer service]]''

*Download FileZilla: [http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/filezilla/FileZilla_2_2_18_setup.exe?download Here]

=== Streaming Media Server ===

==== How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]

:''e.g. /var/music/ is the directory containing multimedia files''

sudo apt-get install gnump3d

*http://localhost:8888

==== How to change the default directory containing multimedia files for GNUMP3d ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new directory containing multimedia files is /home/music/''

sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf

*Find this line

root = /var/music

*Replace with the following line

root = /home/music

*Find this line

user = gnump3d

*Replace with the following line

user = root

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart

*http://localhost:8888

==== How to change the default port number for GNUMP3d ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install GNUMP3d for Streaming Media Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that new port number is 7878''

sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf

*Find this line

port = 8888

*Replace with the following line

port = 7878

*Save the edited file

sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart

*http://localhost:7878

=== Image Gallery Server ===

==== How to install Gallery for Image Gallery Server service ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*Read [[#How to install Apache HTTP Server for HTTP (Web) Server service]]
*Read [[#How to install PHP for Apache HTTP Server]]

sudo apt-get install gallery (when prompted to restart Apache, choose No or Cancel)
sudo apt-get install imagemagick
sudo apt-get install jhead
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-progs
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
sudo sh /usr/share/gallery/configure.sh

*http://localhost/gallery/setup/index.php
*Gallery Configuration

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 1
Next Step ->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 2
General settings Tab ->
Admin password: Specify the password

Locations and URLs Tab ->
Album directory: /var/www/albums/
Temporary directory: /tmp/
Gallery URL: http://localhost/gallery
Albums URL: http://localhost/albums
Next Step -->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 3
Next Step -->

Gallery Configuration Wizard: Step 4
Save Config ->

*http://localhost/gallery/albums.php

==== How to configure Gallery to be accessible via Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Gallery for Image Gallery Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network and internet connections have been configured properly''
:'' Internet (Hostname or fix IP) or LAN (fix IP): http://www.url.com''

sudo cp /etc/gallery/config.php /etc/gallery/config.php_backup
sudo gedit /etc/gallery/config.php

*Find this section

...
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://localhost/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://localhost/albums";
...

*Replace with the following lines

$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://www.url.com/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://www.url.com/albums";

*Save the edited file
*http://www.url.com/gallery/albums.php

==== How to configure Gallery to be accessible via LAN (dynamic IP) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to install Gallery for Image Gallery Server service]]

:''e.g. Assumed that network connections have been configured properly''
:'' LAN (dynamic IP): 192.168.0.1''

sudo cp /etc/gallery/config.php /etc/gallery/config.php_backup
sudo gedit /etc/gallery/config.php

*Find this section

...
$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "http://localhost/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "http://localhost/albums";
...

*Replace with the following lines

$gallery->app->photoAlbumURL = "/gallery";
$gallery->app->albumDirURL = "/albums";

*Save the edited file
*http://192.168.0.1/gallery/albums.php

==== How to backup/restore Gallery data ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*To backup Gallery data

sudo tar zcvf gallery.tgz /var/www/albums/ /etc/gallery/

*To restore Gallery data

sudo tar zxvf gallery.tgz -C /

== Troubleshooting ==

==== Configuring network interfaces... (taking too long to load) ====

*Read [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to temporary skip boot-up services]]

==== Sincronizando el reloj a ntp.ubuntulinux.org... (toma demasiado en cargar) ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]
*Read [[#How to temporary skip boot-up services]]
*Read [[#How to permanently disable/enable boot-up services]]

service_name = ntpdate

==== Cómo no permitir que la hora/fecha del sistema sean resetiados a UTC (GMT) ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]

sudo cp /etc/default/rcS /etc/default/rcS_backup
sudo gedit /etc/default/rcS

*Encuentre esta linea

...
UTC=yes
...

*Reemplacela con la siguiente linea

UTC=no

*Salve el archivo editado
*System -> Administration -> Time and Date

Ajuste la hora/fecha correcta

sudo /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh restart

==== Cómo configurar el sonido para que funcione apropiadamente en GNOME ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]
*Lea [[#Cómo añadir extra repositories]]

sudo killall esd
sudo cp /etc/esound/esd.conf /etc/esound/esd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/esound/esd.conf

*Busque esta sección

...
auto_spawn=0
spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 5
...

*Reemplace con las siguientes lineas

auto_spawn=1
spawn_options=-terminate -nobeeps -as 2 -d default

*Salve el archivo editado

sudo apt-get install libesd-alsa0
sudo gedit /etc/asound.conf

*Inserte las siguientes lineas en el nuevo archivo

pcm.card0 {
type hw
card 0
}

pcm.!default {
type plug
slave.pcm "dmixer"
}

pcm.dmixer {
type dmix
ipc_key 1025
slave {
pcm "hw:0,0"
period_time 0
period_size 2048
buffer_size 32768
rate 48000
}
bindings {
0 0
1 1
}
}

*Salve el archivo editado

sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/libesd.so.0 /usr/lib/libesd.so.1

System -> Preferences -> Sound
Sound preferences

General Tab -> Sounds for events '''(Un-Checked)'''

*Salve y cierre todas las aplicaciones abiertas, Reinicie el computador

==== Cómo forzar el vaciado de la papelera en GNOME ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]

sudo rm -fr $HOME/.Trash/

==== Cómo remover menus/items del menu en GNOME ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]

rm -f $HOME/.config/menus/applications.menu

*Lea [[#Como refrescar el panel GNOME]]

==== Cómo refrescar el menu de Lugares en GNOME (si lo montado a /media/ en /etc/fstab no aparece) ====

*Lea [[#Notas generales]]

sudo /etc/init.d/dbus-1 restart

== Actualizando Ubuntu ==

==== Cómo acutalizar Dapper Drake a Edgy Eft (experimental) ====

*proximamente...

== Temas Removidos ==

* Los Temas que han sido removidos de esta guía pueden ser encontrados en [http://linux.edu.lv/index.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=73 here]

- User contributions [en]

User:Eljaco

Ubuntu dapper es PR